呼吸系统解剖学医学

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1、TheRespiratorySystemILIJING，PhDDepartmentofAnatomyjing.li@ion.ac.cnSep.15.2009Constituents:RespiratorytractLungsGeneralDescriptionFunction:GasexchangePleuraandpluralcavityMediastinumUpperrespiratorytractNasalpassagePharynxLarynxRespiratorytractLowerrespiratorytractTracheaBronchi1.ExternalnoseNasal

2、passage2.Nasalcavitynasalvestibule(鼻前庭）propernasalcavity(固有鼻腔）nasalseptum（鼻中隔）lateralwallofnasalcavity3.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus（额窦）ethmoidalsinus（筛窦）sphenoidalsinus（蝶窦）maxillarysinus（上颌窦）Back1.Externalnose鼻骨额骨上颌骨鼻侧软骨中隔软骨鼻翼软骨2.Nasalcavity鼻后孔鼻前庭鼻中隔Nasallimen鼻阈鼻咽LateralwallSeptum固有鼻腔固有鼻腔Thenasal

3、septum（鼻中隔）ThelongitudinalplateofethmoidboneThecartilageofnasalseptumThevomer筛骨垂直板鼻中隔软骨犁骨2.NasalcavityLittleregion2.NasalcavityLateralwallNasalconchae(鼻甲)Nasalmeatus(鼻道)Sphenoethmoidalrecess(蝶筛隐窝)蝶筛隐窝上鼻甲中鼻甲下鼻甲下鼻道中鼻道上鼻道2.NasalcavityLateralwall1.Semilunarhiatus半月裂孔2.Ethmoidalinfundibulum筛漏斗3.Ethmoid

4、albulla筛泡4.Nasolacrimalcanal鼻泪管3.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus（额窦）ethmoidalsinus（筛窦）sphenoidalsinus（蝶窦）maxillarysinus（上颌窦）额窦额窦额窦筛窦蝶窦上颌窦上颌窦筛窦Theopeningsoftheparanasalsinusesfrontalfrontalethmodialsphenoidalmaxillary3.ParanasalSinusesThebiologicalrolesoftheparanasalsinusesDecreasingtherelativeweighto

5、fthefrontoftheskullIncreasingresonanceofthevoiceProvidingabufferagainstblowstothefaceInsulatingsensitivestructureslikedentalrootsandeyesfromrapidtemperaturefluctuationsinthenasalcavity.HumidifyingandheatingofinhaledairOlfactoryandrespiratoryregionNasalmucousmembrane:olfactoryregionrespiratoryregio

6、nPosition:attheanteriorpartoftheneckfrom3~6cervicalvertebrae.Functions:respirationandphonationLarynxLarynxlaryngealCartilages:thyroidcartilage(甲状软骨)cricoidcartilage（环状软骨）epiglotticcartilage（会厌软骨）arytenoidcartilage(paired)（杓状软骨）AnteriorviewposteriorviewThyroidcartilageinf.cornu下角laminaanteriorangle

7、前角Laryngealprominence喉结Laminaeofthyroidcartilage甲状软骨板sup.cornu上角sup.thyroidnotch上切迹LaryngealCartilages舌骨大角环状软骨AnteriorviewposteriorviewArytenoidcartilagesandcricoidcartilageCricoidarchCricoidlaminaMuscularprocess