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1、)Simile：(明喻）Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristic(特性)incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特
2、征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like,as,asif,asthough等Forexample,Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry./Thiselephantislikeasnakeasanybodycansee.2)Metaphor：(暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunl
3、ikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。Forexample,theworldisastage./Thediamonddepartmentwastheheartandcenterofthestore.3)Analogy:(类比）Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormet
4、aphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.4)Personification:(拟人）Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes(赋予)toinanimate(无生
5、命的)objects,ortoideasandabstractions(抽象).拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。1、Shemayhavetensofthousandofbabiesinonesummer.(From“WatchingAnts”)一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。Forexample,thewindwhistledthroug
6、hthetrees.5)Hyperbole:(夸张）Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.夸张（hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。1、Mybloodfroze.我的血液都凝固了。Forinstance,healmostdiedlaughing.6)Understatement:(含蓄陈述）Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,orove
7、rstatement.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizingafactbydeliberately(故意地)understatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Forinstance,Itisnolaughingmatter.7)Euphemism:(委婉）Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableo
8、rinoffensive(无冒犯)expressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,wereferto"die"as”passaway".8)Metonymy(转喻）Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.Forinstance,thep
