DV Based Positioning in Ad Hoc Networks

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1、TelecommunicationSystems22:14,267280,20032003KluwerAcademicPublishers.ManufacturedinTheNetherlands.DVBasedPositioninginAdHocNetworksDRAGO¸SNICULESCU∗andBADRINATHdnicules@cs.rutgers.eduDivisionofComputerandInformationSciences,Rutgers,TheStateUniversityofNewJ

2、ersey,110FrelinghuysenRoadPiscataway,NJ08854-8019,USAAbstract.Manyadhocnetworkprotocolsandapplicationsassumetheknowledgeofgeographiclocationofnodes.Theabsolutepositionofeachnetworkednodeisanassumedfactbymostsensornetworkswhichcanthenpresentthesensedinformati

3、ononageographicalmap.FindingpositionwithouttheaidofGPSineachnodeofanadhocnetworkisimportantincaseswhereGPSiseithernotaccessible,ornotpracticaltouseduetopower,formfactororlineofsightconditions.Positionwouldalsoenableroutinginsufficientlyisotropiclargenetworks,

4、withouttheuseoflargeroutingtables.WeareproposingAPSalocalized,distributed,hopbyhoppositioningalgorithm,thatworksasanextensionofbothdistancevectorroutingandGPSpositioninginordertoprovideapproximatepositionforallnodesinanetworkwhereonlyalimitedfractionofnodesh

5、aveselfpositioningcapability.Keywords:positioning,adhocnetworks,APSIntroductionAdhocnetworkshavemostlybeenstudiedinthecontextofhighmobility,highpowernodes,andmoderatenetworksizes.Sensornetworks,whiletypicallyhavinglowpow-erednodes,lowmobilityandlargesizes,cl

6、assifyasadhocnetworksinmanycases,whendeterministicplacementofnodesisnotpossible.Withrecentadvancesinsens-ingdevicearchitectures[Hilletal.,7],itcanbeforeseenthatcheap,orevendisposablenodes,willbeavailableinthefuture,enablinganarrayofnewagricultural,meteorolog

7、-icalandmilitaryapplications.Theselargenetworksoflowpowernodesfaceanumberofchallenges:routingwithouttheuseoflargeconventionalroutingtables,adaptabilityinfrontofintermittentfunctioningregime,networkpartitioningandsurvivability.Inthispaper,weaddresstheproblemo

8、fselflocatingthenodesinthefield,whichmayprovideasolutiontothefirstchallenge,andsolveotherpracticalproblemsaswell.Onescenarioinvolvingsensornetworksfrequentlymentionedinliteratureisthatofaircraftde