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1、GrammarThereisnoroyalroadtolearning.学习没有捷径第一讲.动词的非谓语动词动词在句中除充当谓语外,还可以起名字,形容词或副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语和状语.这就是动词的非谓语形式.当句中需要某种动作作主语,宾语或作某种修饰,说明的成分时,就要使用这种形式.动词非谓语形式有三种:(1)动词不定式tostudy(to+动词原形)(2)分词studying(现在分词)studied(过去分词)(3)动名词studying(形式与现在分词相同)动词非谓语形式不随主语的人称和数的变化而变
2、化,故又称为非限定性动词.动词非谓语形式仍具有动词的一般特征,可以带有宾语,状语等构成短语.动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化:主动被动动词不定式一般towritetobewritten进行tobewriting完成tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成进行tohavebeenwriting现在分词和动名词一般writingbeingwritten完成havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten过去分词一般written一.动词不定式1.动词不定式能起名词,形容词,和副词作用,充当谓语以外的各
3、种成分.(一)作主语.1)TolearnEnglishisnotaneasything.2)Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.3)Itisourdutytorealizethefourmodernizations.4)Itisimpossibleforhimtogetthemoneynow.5)Itmakesmefeelsadtoseeyousittingalone.(是形式主语,是真实主语.动词不定式作真实主语时,常放在后面.)(二)作表语.1)Mysuggestionistocar
4、ryouttheplanrightnow.2)Theyoungmanseemstobeacollegegraduate.3)Toseeistobelieve.4)Theyarelikelytosucceed.(三)作定语.1)Maryhasalotofthingstodo.2)Hereisagoodbookforyoutoread.3)Isthereanything(forus)toeat?4)Sheisnotagirltodothingsbyhalves.5)Heisamantodependon.(四)作宾语.1)Hewantst
5、ovisitNanjing.2)Theguestspromisedtocomeearly.(五)作宾语补语(复合宾语的第二部分).1)Iexpectyoutowritetome.2)Iaskedhimtoshowmehisnewdictionary.3)Wetriedtopersuadehimnottodropoutofschool,butinvain.注:常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,compel,command,enable,encourage,expect,force,insp
6、ire,intend,invite,instruct,order,permit,persuade,press,remind,tell,urge,want,warn有些动词如感官动词和使役动词后面的不定式不带to,如:make,let,hear,see,notice,feel,watch,have(要,叫,使)等.1)Theteachermademedomyhomeworkcarefully.2)ProfessorWanglethisassistantleaveearlyenoughtocatchthelastbus.3)Iheard
7、Marycry.4)Wewatchedthemplayfootball.5)TomfelthisheartbeatfastwhenhesawJoecomeintotheroom.6)Iwouldhavehimwaitforme.我要他等我.用被动语态时,这些动词后面的不定式要带to.1)Hewasmadetodotheworkatonce.2)Shewasheardtousestronglanguage.3)Shewasseentorunoutofthepostoffice.(六)作状语.1)Hecametoseemeyesterd
8、ay.(目的)2)Heopenedthedoorforhertocomein.(目的)3)Mylittlebrotheristooyoungtogotoschool.(结果)4)XiaoMaisoldenoughtojointhear
