basic epidemiology

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1、Basicepidemiology2ndedition▲RBonitaRBeagleholeTKjellströmWHOLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataBonita,Ruth.Basicepidemiology/R.Bonita,R.Beaglehole,T.Kjellström.2ndedition.1.Epidemiology.2.Manuals.I.Beaglehole,Robert.II.Kjellström,Tord.III.WorldHealthOrganization.ISB

2、N9241547073(NLMclassification:WA105)ISBN9789241547079©WorldHealthOrganization2006Allrightsreserved.PublicationsoftheWorldHealthOrganizationcanbeobtainedfromWHOPress,WorldHealthOrganization,20AvenueAppia,1211Geneva27,Switzerland(tel.:+41227912476;fax:+41227914857;e-mai

3、l:bookorders@who.int).RequestsforpermissiontoreproduceortranslateWHOpublications–whetherforsaleorfornoncommercialdistribution–shouldbeaddressedtoWHOPressattheaboveaddress(fax:+41227914806;e-mail:permissions@who.int).Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthemateri

4、alinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheWorldHealthOrganizationconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Dottedlinesonmapsrepresentapproximate

5、borderlinesforwhichtheremaynotyetbefullagreement.Thementionofspecificcompaniesorofcertainmanufacturers’productsdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Errorsandomissionsexcepted,th

6、enamesofproprietaryproductsaredistinguishedbyinitialcapitalletters.AllreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbytheWorldHealthOrganizationtoverifytheinformationcontainedinthispublication.However,thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedo

7、rimplied.Theresponsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.InnoeventshalltheWorldHealthOrganizationbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse.Thenamedauthorsaloneareresponsiblefortheviewsexpressedinthispublication.PrintedinChina.ContentsiiiContentsPre

8、faceixIntroductionxiChapter1Whatisepidemiology?1Keymessages1Thehistoricalcontext1Origins1Recentdevelopmentsinepidemiology1De