Epidemiology_and_Surveillance.pdf

《Epidemiology_and_Surveillance.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、220ITheJohnsHopkinsandtheInternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties6surveillanceEpidemiologyandTreguineRefugeeCamp,Chad,November2006684childrenwerevaccinatedand1302womenwerevaccinatedagainsttetanus.InternationalFederationPublichealthguideforemergenciesI2216Epidemiologyandsurve

2、illanceDescriptionThischapterprovidesanoverviewofthekeyepidemiologicalprinciplesandtheepidemiologicaltoolsneededinmanagingemergencypublichealthprogrammes.Themaingoalsaretoreducemorbidityandmortalityamongdisasteraffectedanddisplacedsurveillancepopulations.ObjectivesEpidemiologyand°Toprovidea

3、basicunderstandingofkeyepidemiologicalprinciplesandterminology;°Todevelopskillsfordefiningandcalculatingindicators;°Todescribestandardmethodsforconductingneedsassessment;°Todefinethestepsforsettingupasurveillancesystemforemergencysituations;°Todescribethemainprinciplesandpracticalmethodsfor

4、conductingapopulationsurvey;°Toidentifykeystepsininvestigatingdiseaseepidemics;°Todevelopskillsinanalysingandpresentingepidemiologicalinformation.Keycompetencies°Torecognisethemainconstraintsinapplyingepidemiologicalmethodstoemergencysituations;°Tocalculatekeyindicatorsofthehealthstatusofap

5、opulation;°Toplanarapidneedsassessment;°Tosetupasurveillancesystemforemergencysituations;°Toconductapopulationsurveyusingtheappropriatesamplingandanalysismethods;°Toinvestigateanepidemicandapplyfindingstoanepidemiccontrolprogramme;°Toanalyseandpresentepidemiologicaldatainalogicalmannerforus

6、einprogrammemanagement.BasicprinciplesofepidemiologyinemergenciesEpidemiologyisthestudyofthecausesanddistributionofdiseaseinhumanpopulations.Anepidemiologicalapproachhelpsplannerstofocusonthemainproblemsofacommunityratherthanofindividualpatientsandtoidentifymeasuresforimprovingthehealthofth

7、ecommunityasawhole.Commonlyusedtermsinepidemiologyaredefinedintheglossaryattheendofthischapter.Epidemiologycanincreasethegeneralunderstandingaboutadiseaseandparticularlyhowitistransmittedevenwhenthecauseisunknown.Inepidemiology,theassumptionisthatdisease