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1、ASurveyofSwarmAlgorithmsAppliedtoDiscreteOptimizationProblemsaaa,b,∗aJonasKrause,JelsonCordeiro,RafaelStubsParpinelli,HeitorSilvérioLopesaBioinformaticsLaboratory,FederalUniversityofTechnologyParaná,Curitiba,BrazilbAppliedCognitiveComputingGroup,SantaCatarinaStateUniversity,Joinv
2、ille,BrazilAbstractMostswarmintelligencealgorithmsweredevisedforcontinuousoptimizationproblems.However,theyhavebeenadaptedfordiscreteoptimizationaswellwithapplicationsindifferentdomains.Thissurveyaimsatprovidinganupdatedreviewofresearchofswarmintelligencealgorithmsfordiscreteopti
3、mizationproblems,comprisingcombinatorialorbinary.Thebiologicalinspirationthatmotivatedthecreationofeachswarmalgorithmisintroduced,andlater,thediscretizationandencodingmethodsusedtoadapteachalgorithmfordiscreteproblems.Methodsarecomparedfordifferentclassesofproblemsandacriticalana
4、lysisisprovided,pointingtofuturetrends.Keywords:SwarmIntelligence,discretedomain,binaryproblems,combinatorialproblems,bio-inspiredalgorithms_____________________________________________________________________________________∗Correspondingauthor.Emailaddresses:jkfries@gmail.com(J
5、onasKrause),jelsoncordeiro@gmail.com(JelsonCordeiro),parpinelli@joinville.udesc.br(RafaelStubsParpinelli),hslopes@utfpr.edu.br(HeitorSilvérioLopes)1.IntroductionSwarm-basedalgorithmsareinspiredbythebehaviorofsomesociallivingbeings,suchasants,termites,birds,andfishes.Self-organiza
6、tionanddecentralizedcontrolareremarkablefeaturesofswarm-basedsystemsthat,suchasinnature,leadstoanemergentbehavior.Emergentbehaviorisapropertythatemergesthroughlocalinteractionsamongsystemcomponentsanditisnotpossibletobeachievedbyanyofthecomponentsofthesystemactingalone(Garniereta
7、l.,2007).Inthebeginning,thetwomainstreamsoftheSwarmIntelligenceareawereAntColonyOptimization(DorigoandStützle,2004)andParticleSwarmOptimization(KennedyandEberhart,2001).Inrecentyearsnewswarmintelligencealgorithmshaveappeared,inspiredbyfishschools(Cai,2010),gravityandmassinteracti
8、ons(Rashedietal.,2009),aswellasdifferent
