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1、InternationalJournalofBilingualEducationandBilingualismVol.12,No.3,May2009,277290TheEnglishlanguage,multilingualism,andthepoliticsoflocationEnaLeeandBonnyNortonDepartmentofLanguageandLiteracyEducation,UniversityofBritishColumbia,7420MarkCrescent,Burnaby,BCV5A1Z3,Can
2、adaDrawingonPennycooksframeworksforunderstandingtheglobalroleofEnglish,wediscusstheparadoxesofEnglishlanguageusageinwhatCanagarajahtermsperipherycommunitiesinternationally.ThisanalysisiscomplementedbyCanagarajahsworkonapoliticsoflocation,whichprovidespowerfulinsights
3、intoaperipherycommunityslocalandglobalinvestmentsinEnglish.ThisnotionisexploredwithparticularreferencetoNortonsworkinSouthAfricaandPakistan,whichsuggeststhatcreativeresponsestothedominanceofEnglish,whetherthroughcodeswitching,appropriation,orsubversion,defyessentiali
4、stanalysis.WearguefurtherthatthenotionofapoliticsoflocationcanprovideinsightsintoEnglishlanguageusagenotonlyinperipherycommunities,butalsoincentercommunitiesaswell.Inthisregard,thereisurgentneedfortheongoingresearchofsuchscholarsasCummins,whohassoughttobetterundersta
5、ndthechallengestobilingualismandmultilingualismincentercommunities.Keywords:centercommunities;English;investment;multilingualism;peripherycommunities;politicsoflocationIntroductionInan18-monthtourofEuropein199697,Drysdale(2001)setouttoinvestigatethelanguagesofwhatsh
6、ecallsEuropesmarginalia,theperipheralpeople...pushedouttotheedgesofthecontinentanditsislands(9).Inherjourney,sheinterviewedawidevarietyofspeakersofminoritylanguages,includingtheFrisiansintheNorthSea,theBasquesontheFrancoSpanishborder,theWalloonsinBelgium,andtheMaced
7、oniansinEasternEurope.Whatsheconcluded,amongstotherfindings,wasthatthestrugglefortherecognitionofminoritylanguageswasmademorecomplexbytheforcesofglobalization,ingeneral,andtheincreasingdominanceoftheEnglishlanguage,inparticular.ThemajorityofDutchpeoplearebilingual,sh
8、eargues,buttheyarebilingualwiththeusefulEnglish,notwiththeuselesslanguageoftheirowncountry,Frisian(394).Drysdalesfindingsconcurwith