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1、REALISMANDSOCIALSCIENCEAndrewSayerSAGEPublicationsLondon•ThousandOaks•NewDelhi©AndrewSayer2000Firstpublished2000Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,transmittedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopyin
2、g,recordingorotherwise,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthePublishers.SAGEPublicationsLtd6BonhillStreetLondonEC2A4PUSAGEPublicationsInc2455TellerRoadThousandOaks,California91320SAGEPublicationsIndiaPvtLtd32,M-BlockMarketGreaterKailash-INewDelhi110048BritishLibraryCatalogui
3、nginPublicationdataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryISBN0-7619-6123-2ISBN0-7619-6124-0(pbk)LibraryofCongresscatalogcardnumber99-75811TypesetbySIVAMathSetters,Chennai,India.PrintedinGreatBritainbyRedwoodBooks,Trowbridge,WiltshireContentsPartIInt
4、roducingCriticalRealism1Introduction21KeyFeaturesofCriticalRealisminPractice:ABriefOutline10PartIIPostmodern-RealistEncounters29Introduction302RealismforSceptics323PostmodernismandtheThree‘PomoFlips’674Essentialism,SocialConstructionismandBeyond81PartIIISocialScienceand
5、Space105Introduction1065SpaceandSocialTheory1086GeohistoricalExplanationandProblemsofNarrative131PartIVCriticalRealism:FromCritiquetoNormativeTheory155Introduction1567CriticalRealismandtheLimitstoCriticalSocialScience1588EthicsUnbound:ForaNormativeTurninSocialTheory172R
6、eferences189Index2018EthicsUnbound:ForaNormative1TurninSocialTheoryInthelast20yearsmanyresearchershavecometoacceptthatsocialsciencemustbecriticalofthepracticesitstudies,whethertheirtopicsbemainlyeconomic,politicalorcultural.Anysocialscienceclaimingtobecriticalmusthaveas
7、tand-pointfromwhichitscritiqueismade,whetheritisdirectedatpopularillusionswhichsupportinequalityandrelationsofdominationoratthecausesofavoid-ablesufferingandfrustrationofneeds.Butitisstrangethatthiscriticalsocialsciencelargelyneglectstoacknowledgeandjustifythesestandpoi
8、nts.Forexam-ple,arichunderstandingofthewaysinwhichpowerisembeddedinsocialspacehasdeveloped;althoughitisgeneral
