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1、TheExtendedCaseMethod*MichaelBurawoyUniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyInthisarticleIelaborateandcodifytheextendedcasemethod,whichdeployspartici-pantobservationtolocateeverydaylifeinitsextralocalandhistoricalcontext.Theextendedcasemethodemulatesareflexivemodelofsciencethattakesasitspremisetheintersubje
2、ctivityofscientistandsubjectofstudy.Reflexivesciencevalorizesinterven-tion,process,structuration,andtheoryreconstruction.ItistheSiamesetwinofpositivesciencethatproscribesreactivity,butupholdsreliability,replicability,andrepresenta-tiveness.Positivescience,exemplifiedbysurveyresearch,worksontheprinc
3、ipleoftheseparationbetweenscientistsandthesubjectstheyexamine.Positivescienceislimitedbyªcontexteffectsº(interview,respondent,field,andsituationaleffects)whilereflex-ivescienceislimitedbyªpowereffectsº(domination,silencing,objectification,andnormalization).Thearticleconcludesbyconsideringtheimplica
4、tionsofhavingtwomodelsofscienceratherthanone,bothofwhicharenecessarilyflawed.ThroughoutIuseastudyofpostcolonialismtoillustrateboththevirtuesandtheshortcomingsoftheextendedcasemethod.Methodologycanonlybringusreflectiveunderstandingofthemeanswhichhavedemonstratedtheirvalueinpracticebyraisingthemtothe
5、levelofexplicitconscious-ness;itisnomorethepreconditionoffruitfulintellectualworkthantheknowledgeofanatomyisthepreconditionofªcorrectºwalking.MaxWeberÐTheMethodologyoftheSocialSciencesTrue,anatomicalknowledgeisnotusuallyapreconditionforªcorrectºwalking.Butwhenthegroundbeneathourfeetisalwaysshaking,
6、weneedacrutch.Associalscientistswearethrownoffbalancebyourpresenceintheworldwestudy,byabsorptioninthesocietyweobserve,bydwellingalongsidethosewemakeªother.ºBeyondindividualinvolvementisthebroaderethnographicpredicamentÐproducingtheories,concepts,andfactsthatdesta-bilizetheworldweseektocomprehend.So
7、,wedesperatelyneedmethodologytokeepuserect,whilewenavigateaterrainthatmovesandshiftsevenasweattempttotraverseit.*AddresscorrespondencetotheauthoratDepartmentofSociology,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA947
