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1、7/27/15 “ElementaryMyDearWatson”IntroductiontoHumanReasoningSomequestionsaboutreasoningPrimaryFocusforToday•ConceptualQuestions:Whatisreasoning?•ConceptualQuestion:Whatisreasoning?–Generalnotionofreasoning–Varietiesofreasoning–Generalnotionofreasoning–Varietiesofreasonin
2、g•DescriptiveQuestions:Howdowereason?–Whatpatternsofreasoningareobservedinhumansubjects?–Whatarethepsychologicalmechanismsandprocessesthat•DescriptiveQuestions:Howdowereason?underliethesepatterns?–Especiallyinductivereasoning•Whatpatternsofreasoningthatareobserved?•Norma
3、tiveQuestions:Howoughtwetoreason?•Whatexplanationmightexplainthesepatterns?•EvaluativeQuestions:Dowereasonasweought?"Nothingofthesort.IknewyoucamefromAfghanistan.From1.Whatisreasoning?longhabitthetrainofthoughtsransoswiftlythroughmymind,thatIarrivedattheconclusionwithout
4、beingconsciousofintermediatesteps.Thereweresuchsteps,however.•Illustration:AStudyinScarlet,Chapter2:TheScienceofDeductionThetrainofreasoningran,'Hereisagentlemanofamedicaltype,butwiththeairofamilitaryman.Clearlyanarmydoctor,then.HeChapter1:HolmesisintroducedtoWatsonhasju
5、stcomefromthetropics,forhisfaceisdark,andthatisnot"Dr.Watson,Mr.SherlockHolmes,"saidStamford,introducingus."Howthenaturaltintofhisskin,forhiswristsarefair.Hehasundergoneareyou?"hesaidcordially,grippingmyhandwithastrengthforwhichIshouldhardlyhavegivenhimcredit."Youhavebee
6、ninAfghanistan,Ihardshipandsickness,ashishaggardfacesaysclearly.Hisleftarmperceive.”"Howonearthdidyouknowthat?"Iaskedinhasbeeninjured.Heholdsitinastiffandunnaturalmanner.astonishment.…WhereinthetropicscouldanEnglisharmydoctorhaveseenmuchhardshipandgothisarmwounded?Clearl
7、yinAfghanistan.'Chapter2:HowHolmesknewWatsonhadbeeninAfghanistan…“YouappearedtobesurprisedwhenItoldyou,onourfirstThewholetrainofthoughtdidnotoccupyasecond.Ithenmeeting,thatyouhadcomefromAfghanistan.”remarkedthatyoucamefromAfghanistan,andyouwere"Youweretold,nodoubt.”aston
8、ished.”1 7/27/15 Sherlock(2010)WhatmakesHolmes’mentalactivityreasoning?FirstMeetingReasoningExplained•R
