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1、THEFREEPRESSADivisionofSimon&SchusterInc.1230AvenueoftheAmericasNewYork,NY10020VisitusontheWorldWideWeb:http://www.SimonSays.comCopyright©1997,2000byJohnL.NesheimAllrightsreserved,includingtherightofreproductioninwholeorinpartinanyform.FirstFreePressE
2、dition2000Originallypublishedin1997byJohnL.NesheimTheFreePressandcolophonaretrademarksofSimon&SchusterInc.ISBN-10:0-7432-0335-6ISBN-13:978-0-7432-0335-7ContentsPreface1IntroductiontoStart-UpsandTheirFunding2HistoricalOverview3TheProcessofFormingtheCom
3、pany4GettingStartedLegally5PreparingtheBusinessPlan6TheTeam7Ownership,Dilution,Negotiation,andValuation8PersonalRewardsandCosts9VentureCapitalists10LeasingasaSourceofCapital11BankersandBootstrapsasFundingSources12AngelsandOtherSourcesofVentureCapital1
4、3WallStreetandtheInitialPublicOffering14Mergers,Spinouts,andCorporateVentureCapitalAppendixesA.SaratogaVentureTablesB.ResourcesfortheEntrepreneurC.ThreeVentureCapitalFirmsDescribeThemselvesBibliographyIndexAbouttheAuthorPrefaceWhybothertryingtohelpmor
5、eentrepreneurssucceed?Startbylisteningtoaniconofventurefunding,DonValentine,founderofSequoiaCapital(thatfundedApple,Cisco,Yahoo,MP3.comandmore):Sequoiaisfocusedontheconceptofbigness:bigthinkers,bigmarkets,bigcompanies.Employingthousandsofpeoplepayingm
6、illionsintaxesandhundredsofmillionsinsalaries.That’sbiggerthanpeoplewhojustwanttobecomemillionaires.Toomanynewbusinessesfailtobecomesuccessful,includinghigh-techstart-ups.Ifwecouldimprovetheproportionofsuccesses,theeconomicbenefitstonationsstaggerthem
7、ind.InTheWinningPerformance,whichreportedtheresultsofresearchon525ofAmerica’smidsizecompanies,CliffordandCavanaugh(1985)saythat“Ifjust1%ofthecompaniesinexistencetodayhadhadthewillandtheskilltoreachmidsize—$25millioninsales—theAmericaneconomywouldbemor
8、ethandoubleitscurrentsize.Yetthefactremainsthatmorethan999ofevery1,000companiesstaysmall.”PeterDrucker,inhisbookInnovationandEntrepreneurship,reportedthatAmericacreated40millionnewjobsovertwentyyearssince1970.Thejobscamefromsmallandnewenterpri