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1、IEEEJOURNALOFSOLID-STATECIRCUITS,VOL.40,NO.4,APRIL2005909A1.8-GHzLCVCOWith1.3-GHzTuningRangeandDigitalAmplitudeCalibrationAxelD.Berny,StudentMember,IEEE,AliM.Niknejad,Member,IEEE,andRobertG.Meyer,Fellow,IEEEAbstract—A1.8-GHzLCVCOdesignedina0.18-mCMOSofmostLCVCOstofirstorderchangeswithth
2、esquareofprocessachievesaverywidetuningrangeof73%andmeasuredfrequency,practicalimplementationsmustprovidesomewayphasenoiseof123.5dBc/Hzata600-kHzoffsetfroma1.8-GHztostabilizethisparameter.Conventionalamplitudecontrolcarrierwhiledrawing3.2mAfroma1.5-Vsupply.Theimpactsschemesusecontinuou
3、sfeedbackmethodsandhavebeenofwidebandoperationonstart-upconstraintsandphasenoisearediscussed.Tuningrangeisanalyzedintermsoffundamentalsuccessfullydemonstrated[9][11].Theircrucialandeffectivedimensionlessdesignparametersyieldingusefuldesignequations.roleinstabilizingtheoscillationamplit
4、udecomesatthecostAnamplitudecalibrationtechniqueisusedtostabilizeperfor-ofaddedcomplexityandanoisepenaltyduetothepresencemanceacrossthewidebandofoperation.Thisamplitudecontrolofadditionalnoisecontributorsthatfeedbacktotheoscillatorschemenotonlyconsumesnegligiblepowerandareawithout[9][1
5、1].degradingthephasenoise,butalsoprovestobeinstrumentalinsustainingtheVCOperformanceintheupperendofthefrequencySectionIIdiscussesbasicaspectsofwidebandLCVCOrange.design,drawingattentiontothefrequencydependenceofwell-knownparameters.InSectionIII,tuningrangeisana-IndexTerms—Amplitudecali
6、bration,band-switching,VCO,phasenoise,RFCMOS,tuningrange,widebandVCO.lyzed,yieldingequationsthatquantifydesigntradeoffsbetweentuningrangeandtheoveralltankqualityfactor.SectionIVcoverscircuitdesigndetailsoftheVCOcore.SectionVI.INTRODUCTIONpresentsexperimentalresults,whichdemonstratethee
7、ffective-OLTAGE-CONTROLLEDoscillators(VCOs)areessen-nessoftheproposedsolution.Vtialbuildingblocksofmoderncommunicationsystems.TheVCOperformanceintermsofphasenoiseandtuningrangeII.DESIGNCONSIDERATIONSFORWIDEBANDLCVCOSdeterminesbasicperformancecharacteristicsofatransceiver.Thecurrenttr