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1、Title:GrowthPole/GrowthCentersJiciWangPekingUniversitywjc@pku.edu.cnPeng-FeiLiUniversityofTorontopengfei.li@utoronto.caWordcount:3772AbstractEconomicdevelopmentisalwaysanunevenspatialprocess.However,economictheoriesusedtoneglectgeographicalconcentrationof
2、activitiesandexplaindevelopmentinanabstractandidealworld.Inthe1950s,FrançoisPerrouxandhisdisciplesdevelopedaconceptofunbalancedeconomicdevelopment:growthpole(pôledecroissance).AlthoughoriginallyPerrouxwasambiguoustodefinegrowthpolesingeographicalsettings,
3、theideawassoondevelopedandmodifiedasatheoryandstrategyofregionaldevelopment,andwidelyadoptedinpolicyarenasthroughouttheworldinthe1960sand1970s.Intransformingfromatheoreticalideatoapracticalinstrument,growthpolelostitsoriginalmeaningandintellectualrigoring
4、ainingpublicpopularity.Inthe1980s,mostprojectsofgrowthpoleswereabandonedforfailingtoachievetheirinitialgoals,althoughsomepolicytargetswereunrealisticexpectations.MainTextTheIdeaofGrowthPoleForalongtime,economicdevelopmenthadbeenregardedasanexpansionofabal
5、ancedsystemwithinwhichresourcesweremobilizedandallocatedproportionatelyinvarioussectors.Suchanequilibriumunderstandingofeconomicgrowthisinconsistentwithrealdevelopmentprocessesandrulesoutstructuralchangesofeconomies.Startingfromadifferentpoint,Perrouxinte
6、rpretedeconomiesasbeingcomposedofunits,firms,andindustrieswithasymmetricalpowersandrelations.Foreconomicorinstitutionalreasons,somefirmsandindustrieswouldtakeadominantpositionoverotherunitsinmarkettransactions.Theseasymmetricalinter-relationsoffirmsandind
7、ustriesresultfromtheirbigsize,input/outputstructures,technicaladvances,orsomeinstitutionalarrangements.ForPerroux,whatiscrucialforeconomicdevelopmentisthatthesedominatingfirmsandindustriescanstimulatestructuralchangeforthewholeeconomy(Perroux,1950a).Inspi
8、redfromSchumpeter’semphasisoninnovationandtheroleoflargecorporations,Perrouxarguedthatpropulsiveindustries(industriesmortice)withhighratesofgrowth,advancedtechnologies,innovationcapabilitiescandrivethegrowthofanecon
