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1、Grindingisamanufacturingprocessthatinvolvestheremovalofmetalbyemployingarotatingabrasivewheel.Thelattersimulatesamillingcutterwithanextremelylargenumberofminiaturecuttingedges.Generally,grindingisconsideredtobeafinishingprocessthatisusuallyusedforobtaininghigh-dimensionalaccuracyandbettersurfacefini
2、sh.Grindingcanbeperformedonflat,cylindrical,oreveninternalsurfacesbyemployingspecializedmachinetools,whicharereferredtoasgrindingmachines.Obviously,grindingmachinesdifferinconstructionaswellascapabilities,andthetypetobeemployedisdeterminedmainlybythegeometricalshapeandnatureofthesurfacetobeground,e.
3、g.,cylindricalsurfacesaregroundoncylindricalgrindingmachines.Surfacegrinding.Asthenamesurfacegrindingsuggests,thisoperationinvolvesgrindingofflatorplanesurfaces.Fig.8.1indicatesthetwopossiblevariations,eitherahorizontalorverticalmachinespindle.Inthefirstcase(horizontalspindle),themachineusuallyhasap
4、laner-typereciprocatingtableonwhichtheworkpieceisheld.However,grindingmachineswithverticalspindlescanhaveeitheraplanertypetablelikethatofthehorizontal-spindlemachineorarotatingworktable.Also,thegrindingactioninthiscaseisachievedbytheendfaceofthegrindingwheel,contrarytothecaseofhorizontal-spindlemach
5、ines,wheretheworkpiecegroundbytheperipheryofthegrindingwheel.Fig.8.1aandbalsoindicatetheequationstobeusedforestimatingthedifferentparametersofthegrindingoperation,suchasthemachiningtimeandtherateofmetalremoval.Duringthesurface-grindingoperations,heavyworkpiecesareeitherheldinfixturesorclampedonthema
6、chinetablebyscrapclampsandthelike,whereassmallerworkpiecesareusuallyheldbychucks.Cylindricalgrinding.Incylindricalgrinding,theworkpieceisheldbetweencentersduringgrindingoperation,andthewheelrotationisthesourceandcausefortherotarycuttingmotion,asshownifFig.8.2.Infact,cylindricalgrindingcanbecarriedou
7、tbyemployinganyofthefollowingmethods:(1)Thetransversemethod,inwhichboththegrindingboththegrindingwheelandtheworkpiecerotateandlongitudinallinearfeedisappliedtoenablegrindingofthewholelength.Thedepthof
