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1、QuantumratcheteffectsinducedbyterahertzradiationinGaN-basedtwo-dimensionalstructuresW.Weber,1L.E.Golub,2S.N.Danilov,1J.Karch,1C.Reitmaier,1B.Wittmann,1V.V.Bel’kov,2E.L.Ivchenko,2Z.D.Kvon,3N.Q.Vinh,4A.F.G.vanderMeer,4B.Murdin,5andS.D.Ganichev1∗1TerahertzCenter,UniversityofRegensburg,93040Rege
2、nsburg,Germany2A.F.IoffePhysico-TechnicalInstitute,RussianAcademyofSciences,194021St.Petersburg,Russia3InstituteofSemiconductorPhysics,RussianAcademyofSciences,630090Novosibirsk,Russia4FOMInstituteforPlasmaPhysics“Rijnhuizen”,P.O.Box1207,NL-3430BENieuwegein,TheNetherlandsand5UniversityofSurr
3、ey,Guildford,GU27XH,UKPhotogalvaniceffectsareobservedandinvestigatedinwurtzite(0001)-orientedGaN/AlGaNlow-dimensionalstructuresexcitedbyterahertzradiation.Thestructuresareshowntorepresentlinearquantumratchets.Experimentalandtheoreticalanalysisexhibitsthattheobservedphotocurrentsarerelatedtot
4、helackofaninversioncenterintheGaN-basedheterojunctions.PACSnumbers:73.21.Fg,78.67.De,73.63.HsI.INTRODUCTIONlartwocontributionstotheelectriccurrent,calledtheskew-scatteringandside-jumpcurrents,doexistintheanomalousHalleffect,seetherecentreviewbySinitsyn.6Inrecentyears,physicsofquantumratchets
5、drawaAnotherimportantpointisthatoneshouldincludeintogrowingattention.Inmechanics,aratchetisadevicethelightabsorptionprocesscontributingtotheballis-thatisusedtorestrictmotioninonedirectionwhileper-ticcurrentanadditionalsimultaneousscatteringfrommittingitinanother.Ingeneral,onemeansbyaratchet
6、astaticdefectoraphonon,ascomparedtothelight-anysortofasymmetricpotential,orapotentiallackingainducedopticaltransitionleadingtotheshiftcurrent.centerofthespatialinversion.Attheturnof1980/90’sInGaN-basedstructuresfirstobservationofLPGEhasitwasunderstoodthatunbiasednonequilibriumnoncen-7,8,9,10
7、,11,12beenreportedquiterecently.Herewepresenttrosymmetricsystemscangeneratetransportofparticles,resultsofdetailedexperimentalandtheoreticalinvesti-andthisconceptionhasrootsindifferentfieldsofphysics,gationofLPGEinheterostructuresbasedonGaNandchemistryandbi
