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1、PROPERTIESOFMATERIALSThispageintentionallyleftblankPropertiesofMaterialsAnisotropy,Symmetry,StructureROBERTE.NEWNHAMPennsylvaniaStateUniversity13GreatClarendonStreet,OxfordOX26DPOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniver
2、sity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandBangkokBuenosAiresCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiHongKongIstanbulKarachiKolkataKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiSãoPauloShanghaiTaipe
3、iTokyoTorontoOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork©OxfordUniversityPress2005ThemoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversity
4、Press(maker)Firstpublished2005Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwit
5、htheappropriatereprographicsrightsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethissamecond
6、itiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableISBN0-19-852075-1(hbk)ISBN0-19-852076-x(pbk)10987654321TypesetbyNewgenImagingSystems(P)Ltd.,Chennai,IndiaPrintedinGreatBritai
7、nonacid-freepaperbyAntonyRowe,ChippenhamPrefaceThisbookisaboutanisotropyandstructure–propertyrelationships.Tensorsandmatricesprovidethemathematicalframework,andsymmetryishelpfulindeterminingwhichcoefficientsareabsent,andwhichmustbeequal,buttheysaynothingab
8、outthesizesofthepropertycoefficients.Magnitudesdependmoreonatomisticarguments.Ihavetriedtopointoutsomeofthecrystallochem-icalparameters(suchasbondlengths,coordinationnumbers,andelectronicstructure)thatcorrelatewithpr
