Principles of economies英文学习资料

《Principles of economies英文学习资料》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、INTHISCHAPTERYOUWILL...LearnthateconomicsisabouttheallocationofscarceresourcesExaminesomeofthetradeoffsthatpeoplefaceLearnthemeaningofopportunitycostSeehowtousemarginalreasoningwhenmakingdecisionsDiscusshowincentivesaffectTENPRINCIPLESpeople’sbehaviorOFECONOMICSConsiderwhytradeamongpe

2、opleorThewordeconomycomesfromtheGreekwordfor“onewhomanagesahouse-nationscanbegoodhold.”Atfirst,thisoriginmightseempeculiar.But,infact,householdsandforeveryoneeconomieshavemuchincommon.Ahouseholdfacesmanydecisions.Itmustdecidewhichmembersofthehouseholddowhichtasksandwhateachmembergetsi

3、nreturn:Whocooksdin-ner?Whodoesthelaundry?Whogetstheextradessertatdinner?WhogetstoDiscusswhymarketschoosewhatTVshowtowatch?Inshort,thehouseholdmustallocateitsscarcere-areagood,butnotsourcesamongitsvariousmembers,takingintoaccounteachmember’sabilities,perfect,waytoefforts,anddesires.al

4、locateresourcesLikeahousehold,asocietyfacesmanydecisions.Asocietymustdecidewhatjobswillbedoneandwhowilldothem.Itneedssomepeopletogrowfood,otherpeopletomakeclothing,andstillotherstodesigncomputersoftware.Oncesoci-Learnwhatetyhasallocatedpeople(aswellasland,buildings,andmachines)tovario

5、usjobs,determinessometrendsintheoveralleconomy34PARTONEINTRODUCTIONitmustalsoallocatetheoutputofgoodsandservicesthattheyproduce.Itmustdecidewhowilleatcaviarandwhowilleatpotatoes.ItmustdecidewhowilldriveaPorscheandwhowilltakethebus.Themanagementofsociety’sresourcesisimportantbecauseres

6、ourcesarescarcityscarce.Scarcitymeansthatsocietyhaslimitedresourcesandthereforecannotpro-thelimitednatureofsociety’sduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave.Justasahouseholdcannotresourcesgiveeverymembereverythingheorshewants,asocietycannotgiveeveryindi-vidualthehigheststandardofliv

7、ingtowhichheorshemightaspire.economicsEconomicsisthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.Inmostthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitssocieties,resourcesareallocatednotbyasinglecentralplannerbutthroughthescarceresourcescombinedactionsofmillionsofhouseholdsandfirms.Economiststhereforestud

8、yhowp