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1、第二章词类及其在句中的成分一、词性英语词汇按其功能通常分为十大类。而根据其句法功能和形式特征，这十类词又可以分为实词（notionalword）和虚词（formword）。名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词都具有实际意义，可以在句子中独立担当成分，所以叫实词；冠词、介词、连词、感叹词都没有具体意义，不能在句子中担当成分，所以叫虚词。词类表：名称汉译缩写式例词词义Noun名词n.pen钢笔Pronoun代词pron.we我们Adjective形容词adj.great伟大的Numeral数词num.four
2、四Verb动词v.write写Adverb副词adv.quickly快Article冠词art.a,thePreposition介词prep.from从…Conjunction连词conj.and,unless和；除非Interjection感叹词inter.Oh,well噢；哦二、实词的主要用法1.名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、同位语等。①Themanboughtacaryesterday.(man和car分别充当主语和宾语)②Shewasmademon
3、itor.(monitor充当补语)③TheboystudentisfromCanada.(boy作定语修饰主语student;Canada作介词from的宾语)④Lily,ateacher,isinteresting.(Lily作主语；teacher是Lily的同位语)温馨提示名词有时候还可以作状语或独立成分。Waitaminute！(作状语，修饰的词wait)Kendy,couldyoupleaseclosethewindow?(作独立成分)试一试用下划线标出句中的名词①Davidwantsto
4、learnEnglishwell.②Timisconsideredagoodstudent.③Theairconditionerworkswell.④Flu,acommondisease,hasnocure.2.代词代词可分为7大类：4人称代词personalpronoun主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代词possessivepronoun形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,your,t
5、heir名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词reflexivepronounmyself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself指示代词demonstrativepronounthis,that,these,those,it,such,same疑问代词interrogativepronounwho,whom,whose,which,wha
6、t关系代词relativepronounwho,whom,whose,which,that,as不定代词indefinitepronounsome,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,noone,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,alittle,few,afew,other,another,all,none,o
7、ne,both,either,neither3.形容词：用来描写或修饰名词（代词）的词。在句中可作定语、表语和补语等。①Ispentasleeplessnight.(作定语，修饰night)②Iamgladtoseeyou.(作表语，描写I)③Pleasegeteverythingreadyforthetest.(作补语)试一试标出句中形容词并写出其汉语意思①Agoodboymustbehavehimself._____________________________②Itisniceofyouto
8、givemesomuchhelp._____________________________③Theroomwasfoundempty._____________________________4.数词：表示数目多少货顺序先后的词。可分为基数词和序数词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语或状语。①作主语Thirteenisanunluckynumber.②作表语Shewasthefifthtoarrive.③作宾语Theshirtisworth300yuan.④
