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1、CultureShock①DEFININGCULTURESHOCK定义Cultureshockisamentalstate(心理状态)thatcomesfromthetransitionthatoccurswhenyougofromafamiliarenvironmenttoanunfamiliaroneandfindthatyourold,establishedpatternsofbehaviorareineffective.cultureshockcancauseyoutofeel“outofsorts
2、,”“fatigued(疲劳)”and“notwholly(完全的,全部的)inthemoment.”②REACTIONSTOCULTURESHOCK反应preparedwhenyouexperiencesomeofthesereactions•Antagonism(对抗)towardthenewenvironment•Asenseofdisorientation(方向,障碍,迷惑)•Feelingsofrejection(拒绝)•Upsetstomachandheadaches•Homesickness•
3、Missingfriendsandfamily•Feelingalossofstatusandinfluence•Withdrawal(撤退)•Perceiving(感觉)membersofthehostculturetobeinsensitive(感觉迟钝,不友好)③THESTAGESOFCULTURESHOCK(THEU-CURVE)(过程,步骤)YoushouldviewthestagesasaU-shapedcurve.“TheU-curvedepictstheinitialoptimism(乐观,
4、乐观主义)andelation(兴高采烈,欢欣鼓舞)inthehostculture,thesubsequentdip(向下再向上)inthelevelofadaptation,andthefollowinggradualrecovery.ExcitementPhase.Thefirstphase,visualized(在脑海中使形象化,设想,想像)asthetopoftheleftsideoftheU-curve(U曲线),isusuallyfilledwithexcitement,hopefulness
5、,astheindividualanticipatesbeingexposedtoanewculture.Disenchantment(觉醒,清醒)Phase.Thissecondphasebeginswhenyourecognizetherealityofthenewsettingandsomeinitialproblemsbegintodevelop.Thesecondphaseisaperiodwhendifficultiesoflanguage,inadequateschoolsforthechil
6、dren,poorhousing,crowdedtransportation,chaoticshopping,andthelikebegintakingtheirtoll.BeginningResolutionPhase.Thethirdphaseischaracterizedbygainingsomeunderstandingofthenewculture.Herethepersonisgraduallymakingsomeadjustmentsandmodificationsinhowheorsheis
7、copingwiththenewculture.Eventsandpeoplenowseemmuchmorepredictableandlessstressful.EffectiveFunctioningPhase.Inthisfinalphase,atthetopoftherightsideoftheU-curve,thepersonnowunderstandsthekeyelementsofthenewculture(values,specialcustoms,beliefs,communication
8、patterns,etc.).One’sabilitytoliveandfunctionwithintwocultures(theoldandthenew)isfrequentlyaccompanied(陪伴)byfeelingsofelationandsatisfaction.Whenthishappens,thereturneeexperiencesthesamefourphasesofadjustmentw