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1、IsTaiwanChinese?TheImpactofCulture,PowerandMigrationonChangingIdentitiesBookbyMelissaJ.Brown;2004CHAPTER1What'sinaName?Culture,Identity,andthe“TaiwanProblem”Attheturnofthetwenty-firstcentury,Taiwanisaglobalhotspot.TheeventsandrhetoricsurroundingTaiwan'ssecondpreside
2、ntialelectioninMarch2000raisedfearsthattensionsintheregionmightresultinactualwarfareamongnuclearpowers.WhyisTaiwan—withastable,democraticgovernmentandastrongeconomy—consideredathreattoworldpeace?ThePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)disputesTaiwan'sdefactosovereignty.The“o
3、neChina”policy,officiallysupportedbythePRC,theU.S.,andmanyothercountries,andformerlysupportedbyTaiwan,assertsthatthereisonlyoneChinaandthatTaiwanisapartofit.1Andyet,TaiwanisclearlynomoreapartofthePRCattheturnofthetwentyfirstcenturythan,say,SouthKorea.SowhydoesthePRC
4、disputeTaiwan'ssovereignty?Ultimately,theproblemisoneofidentity—Hanethnicidentity,Chinesenationalidentity,andtherelationshipofbothoftheseidentitiestothenewTaiwaneseidentityforgedinthe1990s.ThePRC____________________Discussionoftheseissuesisfurthercomplicatedbyproble
5、msinterminology.TheEnglishterm“Chinese”canrefertoethnicidentity(AmericansofChineseancestry)ortonationalidentity(citizensofthePRC).InMandarinChinese,theofficiallanguageofbothTaiwanandChina,thedistinctionappearsclear:hanren(lit.,“Hanperson”)referstotheHanethnicmajorit
6、y,whommostAmericanswouldthinkofastheethnicChinese.(HanaretheethnicmajoritybothinChinaandinTaiwan.)Zhongguoren(lit.,“Chinaperson”)referstonationalcitizenshipandincludesall56minzu(ethnicgroups)officiallyrecognizedinChina.However,theuseofzhongguoreninTaiwaniscomplicate
7、dbytheterm'searlierpoliticaluses:underthemartiallawruleoftheNationalistparty(1947–1987),thetermwasusedtosupportTaiwan'sclaimstorulingmainlandChina.Forclarity,Iuse“Han”torefertoethnicidentityand“Chinese”torefertonationalidentificationwithChina.-1-claimsthatTaiwan(unl
8、ikeKorea)isethnicallyHanandthereforeshouldbepartoftheChinesenation.EventhoughTaiwanacknowledgesandhonorsitsChineseheritage,itnowclaimsnott
