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1、Sentencestructureandsentencepatterns(一)句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，句子成分有主要成分和次要成分主要成分有：主语，谓语次要成分有：表语，宾语，定语，状语，补足语（二）英语常见句子成分介绍主语subject谓语predicate表语predicative宾语object宾语补足语objectcomplement定语attributive状语adverbial主语(subject)：表示句子说的是什么人什么事，它的位置一般在一句之首。Duringthe1990s
2、（Americancountry）musichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.名词WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.代词One-third(ofthestudentsinthisclass)aregirls.数词Toswim{intheriver}isagreatpleasure.不定式Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.动名词Therichshouldhelpthepoor.名词化的形容词WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtes
3、thasnotbeendecided.主语从句Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.It作形式主语谓语(predicate)：表示主语的动作由简单动词或动词短语构成。简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成复合谓语情态动词或其他助动词+动词系动词加表语Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Wearestud
4、ents.表语(predicative):表述主语的特征、状态、身份。位于联系动词之后，构成系表结构。状态系动词：beHeisateacher.名词Mywishistobeateacher.动词不定式HeistheonethatIlike.代词Everyoneisherenow.副词持续系动词：keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,standHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.形容词表象系动词：seem,appear,look，etc.Heseems(tobe)verysad.感
5、官系动词：feel,smell,sound,tasteThecaketastesgood.变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fallget,go,come,runHebecamemadafterthat.终止系动词：prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.宾语（object）:充当动作的承受者，一般置于及物动词或介词之后Theywenttoseeashowyesterday.名词Theheavyrainpreventedmef
6、romcomingtoschoolontime.代词Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.名词，数词Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.名词化形容词，名词Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.动名词短语Ithinkthatheisfitforhisjob.宾语从句注意：宾语的种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语directobject+直接宾语indirect）Lendmeyourdictionary,ple
7、ase.me是间接宾语，dictionary是直接宾语。（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.him是宾语，monitor是宾语补足语。宾语补足语（objectcomplement）：英语中有些及物动词，除了一个宾语外还要有一个宾语补足语才能使句子完整。HisfathernamedhimDongMing.名词Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.形容词Letthefreshairin.副词Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismone
8、ytoyou.不定式短语Wesawherenteringtheroom.现在分词Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.介词短语Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.从句定语(attributive):修饰或限定名词或代词的词Guilinisabeautifulcity.形容词Chinaisadev
