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1、Morphology(形态学),语素,classesofwords:1.contentwords(实义词)-openclass:download2.functionwords-closeclass:in,ofMorphemethesmallestlinguisticunitthatcarriesgrammaticaland/orsemanticmeaning,itcannotbefurtherdivided.,itmaybeacompletewordoranaffix.Itcanbeseenasaminimallinguisticsignfree
2、morphemeaword:1.lexical:boy,avail;2.functional:a,theboundmorphemeaffixes/root-abasicformofwordonwhichaffixescanbeput.Anywordmusthaveoneroot1.derivational-addnewmeaningstoanexistingword:ish,al,ly,ize2.inflectional-indicateaspectsofgrammaticalfunctionofaword:ed,ing,s,‘s3.root:b
3、asicformaffixes—(1).negation(否定前缀):un-,non-,in-,dis-,a-(2)adversative(相反):un-,de-,dis-(3)pejorative(贬义):mis-,mal-,pseudo-(4)degreeorsize:arch-,super-,out-,sub-,over-(5)location:super-,inter-,trans-(6)timeororder:ex-,re-,fore-,pre-,post-(7)number:uni-,mono-,bi/di-,tri-【(1)n.af
4、fixes:-ment,-dom,-ness,-or(2)a.affixes:-al,-ive,-ful,-less(3)v.affixes:-ize,-en,-ify(4)adv.affixes:-ly,-wise,-words】inflection,providegrammaticalinf.(tense,比较级)/derivation(changethemeaningorpatternofspeechorboth.Word-formation:1.DerivationEg.nation-national-nationalist2.Compo
5、undingEg.classroom3.BlendingEg.motel=moto+hotel4.ClippingEg.act-action5.Back-formationEg.editor-editdonation-donate6.conversionv.->n:increase–increasedrink-drinkn->v:pattern-patternspy-spy7.Acronyms:NATO,UNESCOCompounding(CPing)referstotheprocessofconjoiningtwoormorefreemorph
6、emestoformanewword.(1)vernacularcompoundsareformedonprinciplestypicalofGermaniclanguage:teapot,blackbird(2)classicalcompoundsarebasedontheCPingpatternsofGreekandLatin:agriculture,biographyOrthographiccompounds(1)solidCPs:teapot(2)hyphenatedCPs:body-blow(3)openCPs:coffeecup.Cp
7、ingisaprocessbywhichaCPlexemeisderivedfromtwoormoresimplerlexemes.IdentificationofCPs:CP-statuscanbeseenasamatterofdegree:fineartRelationship:①causerelation:teargas,sleepingpill②haverelation:picturebook,bull’seye③makerelation:rainwater④userelation:steamiron,waterwheel⑤berelat
8、ion:targetcite,whitecap⑥inrelation:housecat⑦forrelation:ashtray,fish
