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1、文章类型（prosetypes）描写文(description)记叙文(narration)说明文(exposition)议论文(argumentation)描写文(description)1Descriptionistheartoftranslatingperceptionsintowords.Descriptionconveysthesensations,emotionsandimpressionsthataffectawriterexperiencingaperson,place,objectoridea.Twob
2、asictypes:objectiveandimpressionisticOrganization:descriptionisusuallyorganizedanddevelopedbyspaceorder.1)objectivedescription——anobjectivepointofviewa.afactualaccount,likeablackandwhitephotograph;anobjectiveandimpersonalpicture.b.purpose:toinformareaderwhohasnot
3、beenabletoseewithhisowneyes;c.selectingfactualdetailsandusingdenotativeandconcretewords;d.spatialorder描写文(description)22)impressionisticdescription——asubjectivepointofviewa.focusinguponthemoodorfeelingtheobjectevokesintheobserver;b.purpose:toarouseemotion;tomakeu
4、sfeelmorethantomakeussee;tosharewiththereaderasingledominantimpression;thecommunicationoffeelingistheprimarypurpose.c.language:selectingwordsrichinconnotativemeaningandappealingstronglytothesenses;cleveruseoffiguresofspeech.d.method:selectingonlythosedetailswhich
5、canbestconveythedominantimpressionorfeeling.e.pattern:arrangingthedetailsbyfollowingthepatternofdeductionorinduction类型记叙文(narration)Narrationisthetellingofastory.Itusuallyhasabeginning,amiddleandanend.Basicfactors:plot(reason,development,climax,conclusion/demouem
6、ent),characters(hero/protagonistandtheenemy/antagonist),time,place,etc.Organization:chronologicalorder(theactions/incidentsarepresentedinorderoftheiroccurrence,followingthenaturaltimesequenceofthehappenings);Focus:plot,character,themeoratmosphere.Point
7、ofView:thefirstpersonorthethirdperson类型说明文(exposition)1Expositionmeans“toputforth,expound”.Expositionisthemostcommonkindofwriting.Purpose:toinformorexplainTone:objectiveOrganization:thesis,topicsentences5.Exposition,narration,anddescriptionMethods:comparison,cont
8、rast,analogy,(identification,analysis,)illustration/examples,definition,classification,causeandeffect(causation),etc.
