Thesis - Sustainable Convergence of Electricity and Transpor

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1、SustainableConvergenceofElectricityandTransportSectorsintheContextofIntegratedEnergySystemsbyAmirhosseinHajimiraghaAthesispresentedtotheUniversityofWaterlooinfulfillmentofthethesisrequirementforthedegreeofDoctorofPhilosophyinElectricalandComputerEngineeringWaterloo,Ontario,Canada,2010cAmirhossei

2、nHajimiragha2010IherebydeclarethatIamthesoleauthorofthisthesis.Thisisatruecopyofthethesis,includinganyrequiredfinalrevisions,asacceptedbymyexaminers.Iunderstandthatmythesismaybemadeelectronicallyavailabletothepublic.iiAbstractTransportationisoneofthesectorsthatdirectlytouchesthemajorchallengesth

3、atenergyutilitiesarefacedwith,namely,thesignificantincreaseinenergydemandandenvironmentalissues.Inviewoftheseconcernsandtheproblemswiththesupplyofoil,thepursuitofalternativefuelsformeetingthefutureenergydemandofthetransportsectorhasgainedmuchattention.Thefutureoftransportationisbelievedtobebased

4、onelectricdrivesinfuelcellvehicles(FCVs)orplug-inelectricvehicles(PEVs).Therearecompellingreasonsforthistohappen:theefficiencyofelectricdriveisatleastthreetimesgreaterthanthatofcombustionprocessesandthesevehiclesproducealmostzeroemis-sions,whichcanhelprelievemanyenvironmentalconcerns.ThefutureofP

5、EVsisevenmorepromisingbecauseoftheavailabilityofelectricityinfrastructure.Fur-thermore,governmentsaroundtheworldareshowinginterestinthistechnologybyinvestingbillionsofdollarsinbatterytechnologyandsupportiveincentivepro-gramsforthecustomerstobuythesevehicles.Inviewofalltheseconsiderations,powers

6、ystemsspecialistsmustbepreparedforthepossibleimpactsofthesenewtypesofloadsonthesystemandplanfortheoptimaltransitiontothesenewtypesofvehiclesbyconsideringtheelectricitygridconstraints.Electricityinfrastructureisdesignedtomeetthehighestexpecteddemand,whichonlyoccursafewhundredhoursperyear.Forther

7、emainingtime,inpar-ticularduringoff-peakhours,thesystemisunderutilizedandcouldgenerateanddeliverasubstantialamountofenergytoothersectorssuchastransportbygener-atinghydrogenforFCVsorchargingthebatteriesinPEVs.Thisthesisinvestigatest