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1、prophetofinnovationPROPHETOFINNOVATIONJosephSchumpeterandCreativeDestructionThomasK.McCrawTheBelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPressCambridge,Massachusetts,andLondon,England2007Copyright©2007bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeallrightsreservedprintedin
2、theUnitedStatesofAmericaCataloging-in-PublicationDataavailablefromtheLibraryofCongressLibraryofCongresscatalogcardnumber:2006050887ISBN-13:978-0-674-02523-3(alk.paper)ISBN-10:0-674-02523-7(alk.paper)ToSusan,withlovecontentsPrefaceixPARTIL’EnfantTerrible,
3、1883–1926:InnovationandEconomicsPrologue:WhoHeWasandWhatHeDid31.LeavingHome102.ShapingHisCharacter233.LearningEconomics384.MovingOut575.CareerTakeoff676.WarandPolitics847.GranRifiuto1048.Annie1139.Heartbreak126PARTIITheAdult,1926–1939:CapitalismandSociety
4、Prologue:WhatHeHadLearned14510.NewIntellectualDirections15111.PolicyandEntrepreneurship167Contentsviii12.TheBonn-HarvardShuttle18413.Harvard20514.SufferingandSolace222PARTIIITheSage,1939–1950:Innovation,Capitalism,andHistoryPrologue:HowandWhyHeEmbracedHi
5、story24715.BusinessCycles,BusinessHistory25116.LettersfromEurope27917.ToLeaveHarvard?30218.AgainsttheGrain31319.TheCourageofHerConvictions32620.Alienation33721.Capitalism,SocialismandDemocracy34722.WarandPerplexity37523.Introspection39924.HonorsandCrises
6、40925.TowardtheMixedEconomy42226.HistoryofEconomicAnalysis44227.APrincipleofIndeterminateness46928.L’Envoi485Epilogue:TheLegacy495Notes507Acknowledgments695IllustrationCredits699Index703prefaceThisbiography,bynecessity,hastwoprotagonists:JosephAloisSchum
7、peter(1883–1950)andthephenomenonofcapitalistinnovation.Schumpeterwasoneofthegreatesteconomistswhoeverlived,andanelectrifyingpersonalitybesides.Thestudyofcapitalismobsessedhim.Hisinsights,inturn,wereshapedbyhisowntumultuousexperiencesamidwars,economicuphe
8、avals,andpersonalmisfortunes.Schumpeter’sworkwassopowerfulthattoday’sthinkingaboutcapitalismisinlargeparthis—specifically,hisemphasisoninnovation,entrepreneurship,businessstrategy,and“creativedestruction.”Specialistsinthean
