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1、OutofstepconditionandtorsionalstressofsynchronousgeneratorsAlessandroManunzaM2ECM2EC,ItalyViaCoppelli,1520037,PadernoDugnano(MI),Italymanunzaalessandro@tiscali.itAbstract-Out-of-stepoperationofsynchronousgeneratorscausestorsionalandelectro-magneticstresses.Theaimofthepaperistocomparethreeoft
2、hemostusedout-of-stepprotectionalgorithms,tofindoutsomequalitativeindicationsforprotectionsettingandtoevaluatethelimitsonthesealgorithms.ElectricalandmechanicalcomponentsandprotectionshavebeenmodeledinATPandsubjectedtoseveralfaultconditions.Thestudydemonstratesthatthesealgorithmsshouldadaptt
3、heclearingtimeaccordingtothefaultlocation.Thenextgenerationofalgorithmsshouldconsidernotonlytheimpedancelocibutalsothetorsionaloscillationsandtheirconsequencesonthegeneratorvoltage.Keywords:Synchronousgenerator,outofstepcondition,torsion,protection,sub-synchronousoscillations1IntroductionThe
4、out-of-stepconditionofsynchronousgeneratoriscauseoftorsionalstressforthemechanicalsystemandofelectro-magneticstressforthegeneratorcircuitbreaker.Thereforeapropersettingoftheout-of-step(ANSItype78device)protectionshouldreducethesestresses,butthechoiceofthisisneverasimpletask,eveninthosecasesi
5、nwhichthetransientstabilitystudyisavailable.Moreoverdifferentrelaysmayimplementdifferentalgorithmsandtechnicalliteraturereportssometypicalcharacteristiccurvesdrawnontheimpedancelocus:singleblinder,doubleblinder,rectangular,lens,“tomato”shapes.Theaimofthisstudyistocomparesomeofthemostusedalgo
6、rithms,tofindoutsomequalitativeindicationsfortheprotectionsettinginordertoreducemechanicalstressesandforthechoiceoftheprotectioncurve.2“OutofStep”conditionPowersystemfaults,lineswitching,generatordisconnection,andthelossorapplicationoflargeblocksofloadresultinsuddenchangestoelectricalpower,w
7、hereasthemechanicalpowerinputtogeneratorsremainsrelativelyconstant.Thelossofequilibriumbetweentheproducedandtheconsumedpowercausestheaccelerationoftherotatingmassesofsynchronousgenerators.Dependingontheseverityofthedisturbanceandtheactionsofpowersy
