Prison Dilemma Do Education and Jobs Programmes Affect Recidivism

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1、Economica(2010)77,497–517doi:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2008.00751.xPrison’sDilemma:DoEducationandJobsProgrammesAffectRecidivism?ByNORMANH.SEDGLEY,CHARLESE.SCOTT,NANCYA.WILLIAMSandFREDERICKW.DERRICKLoyolaCollegeinMarylandFinalversionreceived8February2008.Thispaperemploysahazardmodelt

2、oanalysetheimpactofeducationandtwotypesofprisonemploymentprogrammesonrecidivismoveraten-yearperiodfor4515prisonersreleasedfromOhioprisonsin1992.EstimationswithaWeibullmixturemodelandpropensityscoreapproachprovidetwomeansforinvestigatingself-selectionbias.Selectionbiasisdetecte

3、dforparticipationinthemostcommonprisonjobprogrammebuthaslittleeffectonestimatedmarginalsavingsimpactsofprisonindustryandeducationprogrammes.Estimatesofthecostsavingsfrompostponingreturntoprisonduetoprogrammeparticipationareprovided.Thepotentialforcostsavingsthroughdecreasingor

4、delayingreturntoprisonisanimportantfindinggiventhesubstantialandincreasingcostofincarceration.INTRODUCTIONDecreasingrecidivismiscriticaltoslowingtheincreasingtrendintheprisonpopulationanditsassociatedcosts.Overthepasttwodecades,expendituresoncorrectionshavegrownmorerapidlythana

5、nyotherspendingcategoryofstatebudgetswiththeexception1ofhealthcare.With1.57millioninmatesunderStateorFederaljurisdictionin2006andanaverageannualgrowthrateof1.9%from2000to2005,thecriminaljusticesystemexpectscontinuedincreasesinspending(Saboletal.2007).Recidivismisasignificantiss

6、uewhenoneconsidersthatover630,000prisonersarereleasedeachyearandthat2morethan95%ofallstateprisonerswilleventuallybereleasedfromprison.LanganandLevin’s(2002)studyof272,111prisonersreleasedin15statesin1994showed5%returningwithinsixmonthsfornewoffencesandacumulative25.4%foranewof

7、fencewithinthreeyears.Overhalfoftheprisonersreleasedfromprisonin1992inOhioreturnedtoprisonwithintenyears.‘Offendersbeingreturnedtoprisonbecauseofparoleviolationorre-arrestnowaccountforamuchlargerproportionofallprisonadmissions’(Petersilia2000).With‘threestrikes’legislation,rep

8、eatoffendersarebeingincarceratedforlongerperiods.Havingprison