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1、AccessProvidedbyPekingUniversityat03/19/113:30PMGMTSQUIBSANDDISCUSSION171Wilder,Chris.2008.Sharedconstituentsandlinearization.InTopicsinellipsis,ed.byKyleJohnson,229–258.Cambridge:Cam-bridgeUniversityPress.PERCEPTUALLYGROUNDED1StatementoftheProblemFAITHFULNESSIN
2、HARMONICSteriade(2008)arguesthatfaithfulnessconstraintsinOptimalityThe-SERIALISMoryareperceptuallygrounded:thefaithfulnessofaphonologicalmap-JohnJ.McCarthypingisdirectlyproportionaltotheperceptualsimilaritybetweentheUniversityofMassachusetts,inputandtheoutputoft
3、hatmapping.Forexample,whenaphonologi-Amherstcalprocesslikeplaceassimilation,voiceassimilation,ordeletionaf-fectsamedialconsonantcluster/VC1C2V/,itusuallytargetsC1ratherthanC.1TheexplanationisthatchangingCislessofachange21perceptuallythanchangingC2,becauseC2’spre
4、vocalicpositiongivesitstrongerperceptualcuesthanC1.Formally,thisdifferenceinstrengthofperceptualcuesisreflectedintherankingoffaithfulnessconstraints:processesaffectingC1violatelower-rankingfaithfulnessconstraintsthanprocessesaffectingC2.Amappinghasaninputandanou
5、tput,andfaithfulnessconstraintsrequireaninputandanoutputtocompare.InthestandardparallelversionofOptimalityTheory,referredtohereasP-OT,theinputtoeverymappingistheunderlyingrepresentationandtheoutputisthesurfacerepresentation(PrinceandSmolensky1993/2004).Whenthisp
6、ropertyofP-OTiscombinedwithperceptuallygroundedfaithfulness,aproblemarises(Blumenfeld2006,Flemming2006,2008a,b,Gallagher2006,Jun2002,McCarthy2008b,Wilson2001):underlyingrepresentationslackinformationthatisimportantforperception.Forexample,thereleaseofastopconson
7、antcontainsimportantperceptualcuesforitsplaceofarticulation.Inmostifnotalllanguages,thedistributionofreleaseisdeterminedbythegrammar,notthelexicon:stopsarereleasedprevocalically,buttheymaybeunreleased(dependingonthelanguage)preconsonantally.Ifimportantperceptual
8、cueslikereleasearenotalreadydeterminedinunderlyingrepresentation,howcanfaithfulnessbeperceptuallygrounded?2ThisresearchwassupportedbygrantBCS-0813829fromtheNationalSc
