Phase-Shifting TransformerModeling in PSSE by Carlos Grande-

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1、SiemensEnergy,Inc.PowerTechnologyIssue111®Phase-shiftingTransformerModelinginPSSECarlosGrande-Moran,Ph.D.PrincipalConsultantcarlos.grande@siemens.comPhase-shiftingtransformersareoftenusedinpowersystemstocontroltheactivepowerflow(MW)inbranchesinmeshednetworksortocontrolthea

2、ctivepowerflowattheinterfacebetweentwolargeandstiffindependentgrids.ThecontrolofMWflowisachievedbyadjustingthephaseangleofthevoltagesatthephase-shiftingtransformerterminals.Phase-shiftingtransformersarealsoknownasphaseangleregulating(PAR)transformers.Phase-shiftingtransfor

3、mersbuiltfortransmissiongridsaregenerallyathree-phase,two-terminalpairdesign.Theterminalwherepowerisinjectedintothetransformerunitiscalledthe“sourceterminal”andthepowerwhereloadisexitingthetransformerunitiscalledthe“loadterminal.”Thechangeinphaseanglebetweentheterminalvolt

4、agesofthetransformerunitiscarriedoutbyaddingaregulatedvoltagetothephase-to-neutralvoltageatthesourceterminal.Awindinginserieswithanetworkbranchisusedtoinserttheregulatedvoltagethat,whenaddedwiththeappropriatephasetothesourceterminalphase-to-neutralvoltage,setsupthedesiredd

5、irectionoftheactivepowerflowbetweenthetransformerterminals.Theconventionusedbymanufacturersofthesedevicesregardinganadvancedorretardedphaseangleisthatanadvancedphaseanglemeansthatthephase-to-neutralvoltageattheloadterminalleadsthephase-to-neutralvoltageatthesourceterminal,

6、andaretardedphaseanglemeansthatthephase-to-neutralvoltageattheloadterminallagsthephase-to-neutralvoltageatthesourceterminal.Twophase-shiftingtransformerdesignsarethemostprevalentinpowersystemsapplications:symmetricphase-shiftingtransformersandasymmetricphase-shiftingtransf

7、ormers.Symmetricphase-shiftingtransformersaredesignedsuchthattheamplitudesoftheno-loadwindingvoltagesdonotchangeduringthephaseshiftingoperation.Thecomplextransformervoltageratioforthistypeoftransformeristhenj1.0e.TheIEEEmodelforphase-shiftingtransformersisbasedonthesymm

8、etricphase-shiftingtransformerwheretheno-loadphaseangleΦistheanglebywhichthewinding1volta