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1、2022OPTICSLETTERS/Vol.35,No.12/June15,2010Microwavesignalextractionfromfemtosecondmode-lockedlaserswithattosecondrelativetimingdrift1,2,1JungwonKim*andFranzX.Kärtner1ResearchLaboratoryofElectronics,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,Massachusetts02139,USA2KAISTInstituteforOptica
2、lScienceandTechnologyandSchoolofMechanical,AerospaceandSystemsEngineering,KoreaAdvancedInstituteofScienceandTechnology(KAIST),Daejeon305-701,SouthKorea*Correspondingauthor:jungwon.kim@kaist.ac.krReceivedFebruary23,2010;revisedApril27,2010;acceptedMay13,2010;postedMay24,2010(Doc.ID124642);
3、publishedJune9,2010Wepresentafeedback-controlmethodforsuppressionofexcessphasenoiseintheoptical-to-electronicconversionprocessinvolvedintheextractionofmicrowavesignalsfromfemtosecondmode-lockedlasers.Adelay-lockedloopbasedondrift-freephasedetectionwithadifferentiallybiasedSagnacloopisempl
4、oyedtoeliminatelow-frequency(e.g.,<1kHz)excessphasenoiseanddriftintheregeneratedmicrowavesignals.A10GHzmicrowavesignalisex-tractedfroma200MHzrepetitionratemode-lockedlaserwitharelativermstimingjitterof2:4fs(integratedfrom1mHzto1MHz)andarelativermstimingdriftof0:84fs(integratedover8hwith1H
5、zbandwidth)betweentheopticalpulsetrainandtheextractedmicrowavesignal.©2010OpticalSocietyofAmericaOCIScodes:060.5625,120.3940,140.4050,320.7160,350.4010.Low-noisemicrowavesignalgenerationisimportantAlthoughtheBOM-PD-basedPLLcangeneratesub-forvariousscientificandengineeringapplications,ran-
6、10fsdriftmicrowavesignalsfromMLlasers,itrequiresgingfromfundamentaltime/frequencymeasurementsahigh-qualityVCOtoachieveanultralow-jitterperfor-tohigh-performanceradar,navigation,instrumentation,manceaswell.Theresidualtimingjitterinthehigh-andcommunication.Femtosecondmode-locked(ML)la-frequ
7、encyrange,whichisoutsideofthePLLlockingsershavebeenexpectedtogeneratesuchlow-noisebandwidth,ismainlylimitedbythetimingjitterofthemicrowavesignals[1].Further,whenlockedtoopticalfree-runningVCOitself.Forexample,in[10],themea-frequencystandards,MLlaserscancoherentlylin
