Eric Hoffer The True Believer Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements

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1、THETRUEBELIEVER_____ThoughtsontheNatureofMassMovementsERICHOFFERToMARGARETANDERSONwithoutwhosegoadingfingerwhichreachedmeacrossacontinentthisbookwouldnothavebeenwrittenManwouldfainbegreatandseesthatheislittle;wouldfainbehappyandseesthatheismiserable;wouldfainbeperfectandseesthatheisfullof

2、imperfections;wouldfainbetheobjectoftheloveandesteemofmen,andseesthathisfaultsmeritonlytheiraversionandcontempt.Theembarrassmentwhereinhendshimselfproducesinhimthemostunjustandcriminalpassionsimaginable,forheconceivesamortalhatredagainstthattruthwhichblameshimandconvinceshimofhisfaults.—

3、PASCAL,PenséesAndslimehadtheyformortar.—GENESISIIContentsPrefacePART1.THEAPPEALOFMASSMOVEMENTSI.TheDesireforChangeII.TheDesireforSubstitutesIII.TheInterchangeabilityofMassMovementsPART2.THEPOTENTIALCONVERTSIV.TheRoleoftheUndesirablesinHumanAffairsV.ThePoorTheNewPoorTheAbjectlyPoorTheFreeP

4、oorTheCreativePoorTheUnifiedPoorVI.MisfitsVII.TheInordinatelySelfishVIII.TheAmbitiousFacingUnlimitedOpportunitiesIX.MinoritiesX.TheBoredXI.TheSinnersPART3.UNITEDACTIONANDSELF-SACRIFICEXII.PrefaceXIII.FactorsPromotingSelf-sacrificeIdentificationwithaCollectiveWholeMake-believeDeprecationof

5、thePresent“ThingsWhichareNot”DoctrineFanaticismMassMovementsandArmiesXIV.UnifyingAgentsHatredImitationPersuasionandCoercionLeadershipActionSuspicionTheEffectsofUnificationPART4.BEGINNINGANDENDXV.MenofWordsXVI.TheFanaticsXVII.ThePracticalMenofActionXVIII.GoodandBadMassMovementsTheUnattract

6、ivenessandSterilityoftheActivePhaseSomeFactorsWhichDeterminetheLengthoftheActivePhaseUsefulMassMovementsAbouttheAuthorBooksbyEricHofferCopyrightAboutthePublisherNotesPrefaceThisbookdealswithsomepeculiaritiescommontoallmassmovements,betheyreligiousmovements,socialrevolutionsornationalistmo

7、vements.Itdoesnotmaintainthatallmovementsareidentical,butthattheysharecertainessentialcharacteristicswhichgivethemafamilylikeness.Allmassmovementsgenerateintheiradherentsareadinesstodieandaproclivityforunitedaction;allofthem,irrespectiveofthedoctrinetheypreachandthe