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1、CONTENTSPrefacetotheRoutledgeClassicsEditionviiPrefacexi1Literatureandhistory1Marx,Engelsandcriticism1Baseandsuperstructure3Literatureandsuperstructure8Literatureandideology152Formandcontent19Historyandform19Formandideology23Lukácsandliteraryform25Goldmannandg
2、eneticstructuralism29PierreMachereyand‘decentred’form32vcontents3Thewriterandcommitment35Artandtheproletariat35Lenin,Trotskyandcommitment38Marx,Engelsandcommitment41Thereflectionisttheory45LiterarycommitmentandEnglishMarxism504Theauthorasproducer55Artasproducti
3、on55WalterBenjamin56BertoltBrechtand‘epic’theatre59Formandproduction62Realismormodernism?65Consciousnessandproduction67Notes71SelectBibliography79Index83viPREFACETOTHEROUTLEDGECLASSICSEDITIONThisbookwasfirstpublishedin1976,justasWesternhis-torywasontheturn.Alth
4、oughIcouldnothaveknownitatthetime,aneraofpoliticalradicalismwasjustabouttoslideintooneofpoliticalreaction.MarxismandLiteraryCriti-cismemergedfromthefermentofrevolutionaryideaswhichlastedfromthelate1960stothemid-1970s.Butwiththeoilcrisisoftheearly1970s,whichisp
5、erhapswhenthatmythologicalentityknownastheSixtiesfinallygroundtoahalt,Westerneconomieswerealreadyplungingsteeplyintorecession;andthateconomiccrisis,whichinBritainwastoresultintheroot-and-branchrestructuringofWesterncapitalismknownasThatcherism,broughtinitswakea
6、virulentassaultonthelabourmovement,socialwel-fare,democracy,working-classlivingstandardsandsocialistideas.IntheUnitedStates,adim-wittedthird-rateex-actorofprimitiveright-wingopinionsmovedintotheWhiteviiprefacetotheroutledgeclassicseditionHouse.Thewaveofcolonia
7、lliberationmovementswhichhadsweptfromAsiatoLatinAmericainthepost-waryearswasfinallyspent.TheworldlanguishedinthegripoftheColdWar.Withinafewyearsofpublication,then,thewholeculturalclimatefromwhichthebooktookitsoriginalforcehaddecisivelyaltered.Inliteraryandcultu
8、ralstudies,theoryremainedintheascendantthroughoutthe1980s,butMarx-ismwasincreasinglytakingabackseattofeminism,post-structuralismand,somewhatlater,postmodernism.Thirteenyearsafterth
