a tentative study of the multiple standard of literary criticism

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1、ATentativeStudyoftheMultipleStandardofLiteraryCriticism　　【Abstract】ThepaperoffersamultiplestandardofliterarycriticismafterageneralintroductionofthemaintrendsinwesternliterarycriticismfromPlato，Aristotle，HoracetoHaroldBloom’sAnxietyofInfluence.　　【Keywords】literarycriticism；Horace

2、；Longinus；　　Thestudyandresearchconcerningwithliterarycriticismhasoccupiedgenerationsofwritersandcriticsalike；differentapproacheshavebeenadopted，oldtermsprunedandnewonescoined，yetthereisnoconsensusmade.Tobeabletorecitethesetermsisfarfromenoughtobecountedasknowingliteratureorliter

3、arycriticism.Besides，thehugeamountoftermsrequiresanexcessdegreeofperusalanderudition.Someoftheseareparadoxicalandself-contradictoryandothersmightloadtheirtheorieswithseeminglyirrelevantideasandnever-endingconclusions.WhatIamtryingtomakehereisabriefintroductiontosomeofthebasicide

4、asalmostallliterarycriticismaregrapplingwith，beitGreekschoolorRenaissance，NewCriticismorCulturalPoetics.Andthentheconclusionisthattointerpretworksofliterature，wemustdelveintoasmanytheoriesaspossibletofindasmanymeaningsaspossible，henceamultiplestandardofliterarycriticism.　　Tobegi

5、nwith，wehavetostandinfrontofPlato，aseveryotherliterarypeopledid，tojustifyourselvesinordernottogetkickedoutofthelandwenowlive.AlthoughPlatohascursedthepoetsasthriceremovedawayfromtruthandthattheirworksareunsuitableandruinoustothehearers，healsomadehisduecontributiontotheliterarywo

6、rld，i.e.allliteraryworksareimitation.Hisgreatpupil，Aristotletookitscueandproducedthefirstsystematicanalysisofliterarygenres.Herankedliteraturehigherthanhistorywhenheclaimedthat“probableimpossibilitiesaretobepreferredtoimprobablepossibilities”and“aconvincingimpossibilityisprefera

7、bletoanunconvincingpossibility.”Poetry，therefore，isahigherthingthanhistory，forpoetswriteofwhatcouldhappenaccordingtothelawofprobabilitytoexpresstheuniversal，whilehistoryonlydealwiththeparticular.　　Afterbequeathedsuchahighhonor，latercriticsdevotedthemselvestounveilingwhat’sspecia

8、laboutliteraturetojustifyitshighrank.Hencewecom