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1、APPLIEDPHYSICSLETTERS91,0935072007Carbonnanotubebiosensors:ThecriticalroleofthereferenceelectrodeaEthanD.Minot,AnneM.Janssens,andIddoHellerKavliInstituteofNanoscience,DelftUniversityofTechnology,2628CJDelft,TheNetherlandsHendrikA.HeeringLeidenInstituteofChemistry,Le
2、idenUniversity,Einsteinweg55,2333CCLeiden,TheNetherlandsandKavliInstituteofNanoscience,DelftUniversityofTechnology,2628CJDelft,TheNetherlandsCeesDekkerandSergeG.LemayKavliInstituteofNanoscience,DelftUniversityofTechnology,2628CJDelft,TheNetherlandsReceived30May2007;ac
3、cepted1August2007;publishedonline28August2007Carbonnanotubetransistorsshowtremendouspotentialforelectronicdetectionofbiomoleculesinsolution.However,thenatureandmagnitudeofthesensingsignaluponmolecularadsorptionhavesofarremainedcontroversial.Here,theauthorsshowthatthec
4、hoiceofthereferenceelectrodeiscriticalandresolvesmuchofthepreviouscontroversy.Theauthorseliminateartifactsrelatedtothereferenceelectrodebyusingawell-deÞnedreferenceelectrodetoaccuratelycontrolthesolutionpotential.Uponadditionofbovineserumalbuminproteins,theauthorsmeasu
5、reatransistorthresholdshiftof−15mVwhichcanbeunambiguouslyattributedtotheadsorptionofbiomoleculesinthevicinityofthenanotube.©2007AmericanInstituteofPhysics.DOI:10.1063/1.277509013BiosensorsbasedonnanoscaleÞeld-effecttransistorsdeterminingredoxcouple.Sensorsforbiomolec
6、ulebindinghavethepotentialtosigniÞcantlyimpactdrugdiscovery,dis-aregenerallyoperatedinbuffersolutionswheretheredoxeasescreening,biohazardscreening,andfundamentalspeciesarenotcontrolledandthebackgroundredoxreac-1science.Theadsorptionofbiomoleculesonthesidewallofationsar
7、eslow.Intheseconditions,VinterfaceisunstableandsemiconductingcarbonnanotubeCNTornanowirecausesunpredictable.Inparticular,weshowthatthevoltagedropchangesinlocalelectrostaticenvironment,therebychangingovertheinterfacefromthePtelectrodetothesolutionistheconductanceofthe
8、nanomaterial.Pioneeringworkhassensitivelyperturbedbyaddingproteintothesolution.Theindicatedthatthismodulationofconduc