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1、taylorcarmanandmarkb.n.hansenIntroductionMauriceMerleau-Pontywasoneofthemostoriginalandimportantphilosophersofthepastcentury.Yetinmanywaysthefullscopeofhiscontributionisbecomingclearonlynow,morethanfortyyearsafterhisdeath.Hisimpactonphilosophy,psycholog
2、y,andcriticismhasbeenenormous,althoughhisintellectualreputationwasinitiallysomewhatovershadowed–firstbythegreaternotorietyofhisfriendJean-PaulSartreandthenbystructuralismandpoststructuralisminthelatterhalfofthecentury.Asaresult,inpartduetohisprema-tured
3、eath,Merleau-Ponty’spresenceincontemporaryintellectuallifehasremainedstrangelyelusive.Hisinfluencehascutacrossdis-ciplinaryboundaries,yetithastendedtomovebeneaththesurfaceofmainstreamscholarlyandpopularintellectualdiscourse.Asaresult,perhapsunderstandab
4、ly,academicandnonacademicreadersalikehavebeenslowtoappreciatetherealdepthandsignif-icanceofMerleau-Ponty’sthought,whichcannotbeneatlypigeon-holedinfamiliarconceptualorhistoricalcategories.Hewasaphe-nomenologistaboveall,yethedifferedinfundamentalwaysfrom
5、thethreeothermajorphenomenologists,Husserl,Heidegger,andSartre.Unlikethesephilosophers,Merleau-Pontyavailedhimselfofempiricaldataandtheoreticalinsightsdrawnfromthebiologicalandsocialsciences,althoughhewasnotapsychologist,alinguist,orananthropologist.Hec
6、ouldfairlybecalledanexistentialist,althoughthatlabelhascometoseemlessandlessinformativeinhindsight,embracingasitdidsuchadisparatearrayofliteraryandintellectualfigures.Merleau-Pontywasnothimselfastructuralist,althoughhesawsoonerandmoredeeplythanhiscontem
7、porariestheimportanceofSaussurianlinguisticsandthestructuralanthropologyofClaudeLevi-Strauss,whore´mainedaclosefriendthroughouthislife.1CambridgeCompanionsOnline©CambridgeUniversityPress,20062taylorcarmanandmarkb.n.hansenItwasalifeasprivateanddiscreetas
8、Sartre’swaspublicandspectacular.Merleau-Pontywasborn14March1908andraisedasaCatholicinParisbyhismotherfollowingthedeathofhisfather.HisearlycareerfollowedthetypicalpathofaFrenchacademic:heattendedtheLyceeLouis-le-Grandandthen,withh
