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《(剑桥指南) The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Reid》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、terencecuneoandren´evanwoudenbergIntroductionHistorycanbeaficklejudge.AfterenjoyingenormouspopularityintheUnitedStates,GreatBritain,andFranceforalmostonehun-dredyearsafterhisdeath,ThomasReid(1710–96)disappearedfromthephilosophicalcanon.Reid’sdisappearancedidnothavetheconse-quen
2、cethathisthoughtfailedtoinfluencesubsequentphilosophers:Onecandiscern,forexample,distinctlyReidianthemesandmethod-ologyatworkinMoorean“ordinarylanguage”philosophy.ButitdidmeanthatReidmadenoappearanceinthestorythatphilosophersinthelastcenturyhavetold–andcontinuetotell–aboutthede
3、vel-opmentofearlymodernphilosophy.Thebasicshapeofthisstoryisfamiliarenoughandgoessomethinglikethis:1Earlymodernphilosophywasanimatedbytwocentralworries:First,givenitsdismalhistoryofdisagreementandpresentstateoffaction,howcouldphilosophyprogressinthewayandtothedegreethatthenatur
4、alscienceshad?And,second,howcouldtraditionalobjectsofphilosophicalinquirysuchasfreewill,thesoul,andGodbefitintotheworldasdescribedbythenewscience?Theurgencyofboththeseissuesoccasionedacrisisinmodernphilosophy.Intheirownway,andwithvaryingdegreesofsuccess,rationalistssuchasDescar
5、tesandempiricistssuchasHumegrappledwiththeseissues.ButonlyinthefigureofImmanuelKantdoweencounterasustainedandingeniousattempttoblendtherationalistandempiricistwaysofaddressingtheseproblems.Athemethatemergesfromthisbookisthatthisstoryneedstoberetold.Thestoryneedstoberetoldnotsom
6、uchbecauseitisfundamentallymisguided,butbecauseitisincomplete.Thereis,inadditiontotheKantianresponsetothecrisisinmodernphilosophy,1CambridgeCompanionsOnline©CambridgeUniversityPress,20062terencecuneoandren´evanwoudenbergaReidianresponse–aresponseofadifferentcharacter,butofcom-p
7、arablesophisticationandingenuity.IOneofthemoststrikingfeaturesofThomasReid’sthoughtisthatthetypicallymodernanxietyaboutwhatwemightcallthe“progress”and“location”problemsisabsent.Thereis,inReid’spublishedwork,nolamentationaboutthelackofprogressinphilosophy.2Noristherecomplaintabo
8、uthowphilosophycomparesunfavorablywiththenewscience.On
