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1、VERECHAPPELLIntroductionThemainsubjectofthisbookisLocke'sphilosophy,inthecurrentacademicsenseofthatterm.Soconstrued,philosophyisaspecialfieldofinquiry,markedoff,evenifnotveryclearly,fromotherfieldsandinparticularfromthevariousempiricalsciences.Lockecer-ta
2、inlypracticedphilosophyunderstoodinthisway.Buthedidnotthinkofhimselfasanykindofintellectualspecialist.Herarelyevenusedtheword"philosophy,"asmanyseventeenth-centurythinkersdid,tosignifythewholedomainofintellectualendeavor:hisfavor-itewordforthatwas"science
3、."Andinadditiontohisworkinphi-losophy,hepursuedsubstantialinquiriesinotherdisciplines:chem-istry,medicine,economics,publicpolicy,education,andtheology.Still,thereisnodoubtthatLocke'smostsignificantaswellashismostinfluentialachievementswereinphilosophy;and
4、itisasaphi-losopherthatheischieflyinterestingtoscholarstoday.Philosophy,inourcurrentviewofit,isdividedintovariousmoreorlessdistinguishablesubfields,yielding,atthefirstlevelofdivi-sion,logic,epistemology,metaphysics,andmoralphilosophy,andthen,bysubdividing
5、these,suchspecializationsasthephilosophiesoflanguage,science,mind,andreligion,ethicaltheory,andpoliticalphilosophy.Lockeworkedactivelyinnearlyalloftheseareas.Itistruethattheoverallsubjectofhistwomostimportantbooks,theEssayconcerningHumanUnderstandingandth
6、eTwoTreatisesofGovernment,is,intheonecase,epistemologyand,intheother,politicalphilosophy.Buttherearealsosignificantexcursions,intheTwoTreatises,intogeneralmoralphilosophy,andintheEssay,intoethicaltheoryandthephilosophiesoflanguage,science,andreli-gion,and
7、especiallyintowhatwecallmetaphysics,thoughLockeCambridgeCompanionsOnline©CambridgeUniversityPress,20062THECAMBRIDGECOMPANIONTOLOCKEwouldhavebeenuneasywiththatlabel,reekingasitdidtohisnoseofthestalehallwaysofmedievalschools.Inthisbook,separatechaptersarede
8、votedtoLocke'sworkineachofseveralsubfieldsofphilosophy:metaphysics,subdividedintophi-losophyofbodyandphilosophyofmind(Chapters3and4,respec-tively);philosophyoflanguage(Chapter5);theoryofknowledge,whichcoversaportion
