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1、EnglishinArchitectureandConstructionUNITONEArchitectureWordsandExpressionsenclosuren.围墙(栏);封围dictatev.规定;限定subconsciouslyad.下(潜)意识地edificen.大厦,大建筑物;体系compressionn.压力;压缩withstandv.经受得住;抵抗spanv.跨过;架设n.跨度;开度voidn.空间(位),虚(空)体tensilea.张力的,拉力的sturdya.结实的,坚固的rectanglen.长方形,矩形aesthetica.美学的,审美的fibrousa.含纤维
2、的,纤维状的readilyad.容易地,不费力WordsandExpressionsgridironn.梁格结构,格状结构skeletonn.构架;草图;轮廓cantilevern.悬臂梁,突梁projectv.伸〔突)出;设计correspondencen.符合,一致;相应naven.(教堂的)正厅;(火车站等建筑的)中间广场aislen.走廊,侧廊transeptn.(教堂的)袖廊,翼部chapeln.小礼拜堂apsen.多边形(或半园形)凹室;耳(室)房Gothicn.哥特式建筑的cathedraln.大教堂,主教堂modulen.模度(数,量);模件cravev.渴望,需要imper
3、ceptiblyad.觉察不到地balustraden.栏杆,扶手colonnaden.柱廊,柱列inherenta.内在的,固有的ornamentn.装饰(物)identifiablea.可识别的,可区别的Para.1andPara.2Architectureistheartofbuilding.Virtuallyallarchitectureisconcernedwiththeenclosureofspaceforhumanuse.Thepreciseactivitiestobehousedinanyspecificbuilding,rangingfromanassemblylinein
4、afactorytoalivingroominahome,shoulddictatethesizeandshapeoftheseveralareaswithin.Thesespacesalsomustbearrangedinsomelogicalrelationtoeachother.Furthermore,themovementofhumanbeingswithinthebuildingrequireshallsstairsorelevatorswhosesizeisgovernedbytheexpectedloadoftraffic.Theplanofastructure,alwayst
5、hefirstconsiderationofanarchitect,istheresolutionofthesedifferentpurposesintoanorganizationofspacesthatwillfulfilltheintentofthebuilding.Goodplanningguidesthevisitortohisdestinationinthestructureandimpresseshim,perhapssubconsciously,byvisiblyrelatingtheseveralunitsoftheedifice.Conversely,abadplanre
6、sultsininconvenience,wasteandvisualconfusion.Furthermore,astructuremustbewellbuilt,itcouldhavesuchpermanenceasthepurposeforwhichitisintendeddemandsandasthematerialschosenmayallow.Therawmaterialsofarchitecture-stone,brick,wood,steel,orglass-inprêtgoverntheformsofthebuildingandareexpressedbythem.Ston
7、ecanresistcompressionalmostindefinitely.Whileitispossibletocrushstoneinalaboratory,forpracticalpurposesitscompressivestrengthisunlimited.Para.3andPara.4Ontheotherhand,stoneisweakinwithstandingtension.Anybea