贝克休斯水平井随钻测井技术

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贝克休斯公司随钻测井技术贝克休斯北亚区地科部高级地质科学师：曹叶红Email:yehong.cao@bakerhughes.com2013年4月 贝克休斯随钻测井技术及发展Complexity2©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 贝克休斯随钻测井工具系列OnTrakTM–随钻自然伽玛和电阻率测井及钻井动态信息AziTrakTM–随钻方位电阻率测井LithoTrakTM–随钻中子密度孔隙度测井SoundTrakTM–随钻声波测井TesTrakTM–随钻地层压力测试器StarTrakTM–随钻高分辨率电阻率成像测井MagTrakTM–随钻核磁共振测井ZoneTrakTM–随钻钻头电阻率测井SeismicTrakTM–随钻地震服务3©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 贝克休斯公司随钻地层评价技术4©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 贝克休斯公司成像技术OnTrakTM–随钻自然伽玛和电阻率测井AziTrakTM–随钻方位电阻率测井LithoTrakTM–随钻中子密度孔隙度测井SoundTrakTM–随钻声波测井TesTrakTM–随钻地层压力测试器StarTrakTM–随钻高分辨率电阻率成像测井MagTrakTM–随钻核磁共振测井ZoneTrakTM–钻头电阻率5©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 贝克休斯随钻测井工具组合AutoTrakG3OnTrak导向短节传感器模块井斜井筒压力电阻率方位AutoTrakG31.0m(3.1ft)4.7m(15.4ft)6.1m(20.0ft)7.8m(25.6ft)双向通讯和导电模块ATKG3OnTrak™BCPM自然伽玛+自然伽玛成像振动和粘滑5.0m(16.4ft)7.8m(25.6ft)体积密度+密度成像井径井径校正中子孔隙度声波核磁共振地层压力测试器15.6m(51.2ft)16.0m(52.5ft)18.0m(59.0ft)22.1m(72.5ft)34.3m(112.5ft)45.0m(147.6ft)LithoTrakTMSoundTrak™MagTrak™TesTrak™6©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 随钻测井7©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. OnTrak–随钻自然伽玛和电阻率测井8©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. OnTrak简介•仪器特点–双收四发–2个发射频率:2MHz和400kHz–2种收发距离:近(23”)，远(35”)–2套测量参数:相位和衰减–补偿接收装置测量结果–32条原始测量曲线–8条补偿电阻率曲线•参数–适用于各种类型泥浆–可用于57/8”-26”井眼的测量–最大测量温度150ºC9©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 电阻率测量原理发射器发射电磁波电磁波信号进入地层传播方向与仪器方向垂直相交Transmitter电磁波在地层传播过程中,频率保持不变,而相位和波幅则因地层电阻率而改变接收器接收电磁波Receiver1Receiver2测量相位的改变测量幅度的衰减Signal1Amplitude1Amplitude2Attenuation=Signal2Amplitude2Amplitude1PhaseDifference10©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 2MHz补偿电阻率•注意:400kHz具有相同的模式长源距短源距井下工具T2井下工具计算相位差和衰减电阻率计算相位差和衰减电阻率T4P22HMP21HMA22HMP42HMA21HMA42HMP41HMRPCHMPD12HMPD34HMRPCSHMA41HMRACHMAT12HMAT34HMRACSHMR2RPCHXPDBCHXP32HMPDBCSHXRPCSHXRACHXATBCHXA32HMATBCSHXRACSHXP12HMR1P31HMA12HMA31HMP11HMA11HM3地面电脑的处理步骤T33地面电脑的处理步骤1)应用空气零长1)应用空气零长2)电阻率转换T12)电阻率转换3)井眼校正3)井眼校正11©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 探测深度探测半径Rt=1/Rxo=0.1Rt=10/Rxo=1Rt=100/Rxo=10衰减相位差12©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 随钻测井与电缆测井的电阻率对比GAMMARAYPHASEDIFFERENCERESISTIVITIESATTENUATIONRESISTIVITIESFIXEDDEPTHRESISTIVITIESARRAYINDUCTION0LOG1500.2OhmmLOG20000.2OhmmLOG20000.2OhmmLOG20000.290”2000010Ohmm01Ohmm01Ohmm1LOG400KHzLongSpaced400KHzLongSpaced60”60”01LOG400kHzShortSpaced400kHzShortSpaced35”30”012MHzLongSpaced20”20”WIRELINE2MHzLongSpacedDEPTHMWDMETRES2MHzShortSpaced2MHzShortSpaced10”10”x080x090x000x010x020x030x040x050x060x070x08013©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. MPR/OnTrak电阻率优势…地质导向应用标准的2MHz电阻率放在钻具组合后40-50ft近钻头浅探测电阻率只能确认已钻地层由于探测深度浅，只能确认已钻出油藏MPR/OnTrak置于马达后–400KHz与2MHz电阻率的结当然,最好的配置是深浅电阻率联合应用,且离合，使探测深度的增加，探头距钻头的距离变得不再钻头尽可能的近,这样可更早探测到层界面.从而重要避免钻出油藏14©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 随钻测井的时间推移响应第七趟钻第六趟钻第七趟钻第一趟钻电阻率侵入剖面—1天后电阻率侵入剖面—10天后电阻率：10↓8欧姆米电阻率：20↓13欧姆米含油饱和度:52%↓47%--5%含油饱和度:73%↓66%--7%15©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. Fixed-DOIAdvancedResistivityProcessing–MPRTEQFlowDiagramRawPhaseandFirstInversion–AttenuationBoreholeCorrectionsShoulderBedEffectsMeasurementsRemovedSecondInversion–CorrectionsMadeforAnisotropy,DielectricDielectric,andConstantsandResolutionMatchingAnisotropyEffectsInvasionCoefficientsCalculatedFixed-DOILinearCombinationofResistivitiesInvertedResistivities(10”,20”,35”&60”)Radii Fixed-DOIAdvancedResistivityProcessing–MPRTEQTheAdvantageofGettingtotheReservoirFirst–GoMExampleLWDWLLWDTSDTSDPostGamma30mins24hrsProcessedRayWirelineProcessed1ft-VerticalFixed-DOIResolutionResistivityMatchedOnTrakResistivityTrueResolutionResistivityConductiveEnhancedInvasionResistivities Fixed-DOIAdvancedResistivityProcessing–MPRTEQTheAdvantageofGettingtotheReservoirFirst–GoMExampleAddedHydrocarbonsNetPayLWD(UsingLWD)NetPayWLLWDWLWirelineLWDTSDTSDTSDTSD24hrs30mins24hrs30mins 自然伽玛–方位成像GammaRaySectoredGammaRayImage19©2009BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 实时决策-ECD–井眼清洁准确的ECD随钻评价可早期识别钻井风险，进行实时决策20©2009BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. LithoTrak–随钻中子密度孔隙度测井21©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. LithoTrak™--随钻中子密度孔隙度测井•井眼定位–增强油藏地质导向–加快数据采集速率–由高分辨率密度成像实时进行地层倾角拾取•油藏特征–准确、实时密度和中子测量–可靠的获取数据–降低井眼校正After30minutesdrilling•消除钻井风险–高ECD环境下的安全性–改善井眼整体性评价–方位井径成像 密度的测量原理•密度测量的是伽玛射线与物质的相互作用所产生的低能量伽马射线的能量。•Cesium137放射源发出伽玛射线•伽玛射线进入地层,两个探头测量经与地层发生康谱顿散射返回的低能量伽玛射线数量.泥岩放射源短源距探头长源距探头砂岩23©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 随钻测井与电缆测井的测量环境对比电缆测井随钻测井泥饼泥浆泥岩地层放射源短源距探测器砂岩长源距探测器电缆测井需要校正泥饼随钻测井需要校正泥浆24©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 随钻测井与电缆测井的孔隙度对比准确的放射性测量值LWDLWDLWDLWD25©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. LithoTrak应用中子-密度交会识别气层电缆-随钻测井对比MPRTEQLithoTrak电缆阵列感应电缆自然伽玛电阻率孔隙度电阻率孔隙度26©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved.5040WirelineGammaRay2020 成像图在直井和水平井中，图像的表现形式不同27©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 自然伽玛和密度成像的应用实例28©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 方位井径29©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 方位井径-ATK井眼质量优30©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 方位井径-Motor井壁垮塌及螺旋形井眼31©2010BakerHughesIncorporated.AllRightsReserved. 谢谢！