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1、Lecture5AmericanRomanticism(3)HawthorneMelvilleNathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)Americannovelistandshortstorywriter,mostfamousforhisnovelTheScarletLetterHewasbornatSalem,Mass.,onJuly4th,1804,sonofaseacaptain.Heledthereashyandratheroverprotectedlife;yetnotwhollyuncongenial(adj.志趣不相投的)tohis
2、artisticdevelopment.HawthorneturnedtowritingafterhisgraduationfromBowdoinCollege.HewroteseveralsuccessfulshortstorieswhichwerecollectedinTwice-ToldTales(1837)andMossesfromanOldManse(1846),InsufficientearningsasawriterforcedHawthornetotakeajobintheSalemCustomHouse.By1842,hewasabletoear
3、nenoughtomarrySophiaPeabodyandmovetoConcord,whichwasthenthecenteroftheTranscendentalmovement.HawthornereturnedtoSalemin1845andin1850,hismostfamousnovel,TheScarletLetterwaspublished.HisnextnovelwasTheHouseoftheSevenGables(1851)HealsowrotetwoclassicworksforchildrenAWonderBook(1852)andTa
4、nglewoodTales(1853)HewroteanothernovelTheMarbleFaunin1860andanaccountofajourneytoEnglandOurOldHomein1863.NathanielHawthornediedatPlymouth,NewHampshire,onMay18th,1864.AwordforreferencethewordpuritanismhasoftenbeenusedasatermofabuseinawaythatdoesscantjusticetohistoricalPuritanism—forins
5、tance,whenarigidmoralism,thecondemnationofinnocentpleasure,orreligiousnarrownessisstigmatized(诬蔑)aspuritanical.PlotOverviewofTheScarletLetterTheScarletLetteropenswithalongpreamble/-'--/(n.导言)abouthowthebookcametobewritten.ThenamelessnarratorwasthesurveyorofthecustomhouseinSalem,Massac
6、husetts.Inthecustomhouse’sattic,hediscoveredanumberofdocuments,amongthemamanuscriptthatwasbundledwithascarlet,gold-embroideredpatchofclothintheshapeofan“A.”Themanuscript,theworkofapastsurveyor,detailedeventsthatoccurredsometwohundredyearsbeforethenarrator’stime.Whenthenarratorlosthisc
7、ustomspost,hedecidedtowriteafictionalaccountoftheeventsrecordedinthemanuscript.TheScarletLetteristhefinalproduct.Thestorybeginsinseventeenth-centuryBoston,thenaPuritansettlement.Ayoungwoman,HesterPrynne,isledfromthetownprisonwithherinfantdaughter,Pearl,inherarmsandthescarletletter“A”o
8、nherb
