博士英语考试语法部分

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1、AnOverviewofEnglishGrammarPartsofspeech(词类）：noun,article,pronoun,numeral,adjective,verb(auxiliaries--primary~,modelverbs),adverb,preposition,conjunction,interjectionPhrases(短语）：verbphrases,nounphrases,prepositionalphrases,participialphrases,infinitivephrasesSentences:simple,compound,complex,c

2、ompound-complexNoun:名词的数(少数名词的复数形式是不规则的)child→children,man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese,mouse→mice,ox→oxenautos,dynamos,pianos,kilos,photos;radios,ratios,zoos,bamboos,portfolios,studios(cargoes,Negroes,tomatoes,potatoesheroes)beliefs,chiefs,cliffs,gulfs,proofs,roofs,safes

3、(loaf→loaves,wolf→wolves,leaf→leaves,knife→knives,thief→thieves,life→lives,shelf→shelves)Noun:名词的数(少数名词的复数形式是不规则的)analysis→analyses,axis→axes(轴心）bacterium→bacteria,basis→bases,crisis→crises,criterion→criteria,datum→data,thesis→theses,formula→formulae(或formulas),fungus→fungi,medium→media,pheno

4、menon→phenomena,syllabus→syllabi,thesis→theses单复数一样的名词有：aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,deer,fish,Japanese,means,series,species等hair和fruit一般情况下用单数，表示总体police和cattle的谓语形式总是用复数形式Noun:名词所有格thehostess'slivingroom,thechildren'smothersoldiers'traininggroundJohn’sandTom’sroom(c.f.JohnandTom’sroom)myuncl

5、e’s,thebarber’s,thechemist’s,theSmiths（一家）,theSmiths’(的住所)，theSmith’s（的家）Pronoun习惯用法：Heisnothingbutasinger.他只不过是个唱歌的。Nothingbutamiraclecansaveus.只有奇迹才能救我们。Sheisanythingbutbeautiful.她并不美。Johnisanythingbutaliar.约翰决不是个骗子。Hehasseensomethingoflife.他略有阅历。I’msomethingofacook.我略懂烹饪。Heisnotmuchofascho

6、lar.他算不上个很好(高明)的学者。ThenewarrivalwasnoneotherthanthePresident.（刚到的那人就是总统本人。）Wedidtheworknonetoowell.我们活干得一点也不好。AdjectiveandAdverb习惯用法：TherearenolessthanfivehundredpeoplepresentattheNewYearparty.(“不亚于”,表示出席的人较多)TherearenotlessthanfivehundredpeoplepresentattheNewYearparty.(“不少于”,表示出席的人较不多)Rather

7、thanallowthepotatoestogobad,shesoldthemathalfprice.Ratherthancausetrouble,heleft..(ratherthan后面跟动词原形)Verb:时态被动语态虚拟语气情态动词非谓语动词：不定式，-ING分词，-ED分词Verb:被动语态主动形式表示被动意义,如某些系动词如cook,feel,prove,smell和taste等其主动语态表示被动的意义Thepattedshoesthatmywifeboughtme