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1、1.Puritans:isEnglishprotestant,onedivisionofProtestantTheyregardedthereformationoftheChurchunderElizabethasincomplete,andcalledforitsfurther“purification”fromwhattheyconsideredtobeunscripturalandcorruptformsandceremoniesretainedfromtheunreformedchurch.Theyobjected,forinstance,tothewearing
2、ofthesurpliceandtogovernmentbytheprelates,andtheydemandedtherighttopartakeofthecommunioninasittingposture.TheirMillenaryPetition(1603)requestedareformofthechurchcourts,adoingawaywith“superstitious”customs,adiscardingoftheuseofapocryphalbooksoftheBible,aseriousobservanceoftheSabbath,andvar
3、iousecclesiasticalreforms.The17thcenturyAmericanPuritansincludedtwoparts:onepartofthemwerethecreatorsofthePlymouthcolony,called“Separatists”.TheyweresosuppressedbythechurchofEnglandthattheysoughtescape.ThoseSeparatistsfirstwentintoexiletoHolland,thenwereaboard“Mayflower”in1620andsettleddo
4、wninPlymouth.America,therefore,asaninfantwasborn.TheyconsideredthattheChurchofEnglandhadbecomehopelessandadvocatedtoseparatefromitsincegeneralreformwouldbeuseless.TheotherpartwastheEnglishmenintheMassachusettesBayColony.ThoughtheycamelaterthanthoseofPlymouthcolony,theywerericherandbetter-
5、educated.TheydevotedthemselvestothereformoftheChurchofEnglandandmeanttoclearawaytheritualsoftheRomanCatholicChurchinit.Inreality,onlythispartofthemweretruePuritans.Theyacceptedthedoctrineoforiginalsinandtotaldepravity,andpredestination,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefrom
6、God.ThemaindoctrineofCalvinismPuritansbelievedinwasfirstshownin“totaldepravity”.Theybelievedinthe“originalsin”inwhichAdamthefirstmanGodcreatedsinnedandwhichledtotheconclusionthat“inAdam’sfall,wesinnedall.”Theyconsideredthatmanwasbornsinful,wasasinnerandcouldnotredeemhisoriginalsinfulness.
7、Moreover,theycouldnotsavethemselves.SecondlyPuritansunderscoredthatmanwouldbechosenbyGodunconditionally.TheythoughtthatGodoccupiedadominantposition.Hecouldsaveapartofpeoplewillfully,madethemrisetotheHeavenafterdeath,andcouldalsodestroysomeotherpartofpeoplewantonly,m
