Salt and Drought Stress Signal Transduction in Plants

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1、NIHPublicAccessAuthorManuscriptAnnuRevPlantBiol.Authormanuscript;availableinPMC2011July1.NIH-PAAuthorManuscriptPublishedinfinaleditedformas:NIH-PAAuthorManuscriptNIH-PAAuthorManuscriptAnnuRevPlantBiol.2002;53:247±273.doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.091401.143329.SaltandDroughtStressSignalTransdu

2、ctioninPlantsJian-KangZhuDepartmentofPlantSciences,UniversityofArizona,Tucson,Arizona85721AbstractSaltanddroughtstresssignaltransductionconsistsofionicandosmotichomeostasissignalingpathways,detoxification(i.e.,damagecontrolandrepair)responsepathways,andpathwaysforgrowthregulation.Theionicaspect

3、ofsaltstressissignaledviatheSOSpathwaywhereacalcium-responsiveSOS3-SOS2proteinkinasecomplexcontrolstheexpressionandactivityofiontransporterssuchasSOS1.Osmoticstressactivatesseveralproteinkinasesincludingmitogen-activatedkinases,whichmaymediateosmotichomeostasisand/ordetoxificationresponses.Anum

4、berofphospholipidsystemsareactivatedbyosmoticstress,generatingadiversearrayofmessengermolecules,someofwhichmayfunctionupstreamoftheosmoticstress–activatedproteinkinases.Abscisicacidbiosynthesisisregulatedbyosmoticstressatmultiplesteps.BothABA-dependentand-independentosmoticstresssignalingfirstm

5、odifyconstitutivelyexpressedtranscriptionfactors,leadingtotheexpressionofearlyresponsetranscriptionalactivators,whichthenactivatedownstreamstresstoleranceeffectorgenes.Keywordsosmoticstress;abscisicacid;SOS;proteinkinase;phospholipid;calciumsignaling;geneexpressionINTRODUCTIONModern-dayplantsar

6、eproductsofeonsofevolutionfromprimallivingorganismsinresponsetoabioticandbioticenvironmentalchanges.Amongtheabioticfactorsthathaveshapedandcontinueshapingplantevolution,wateravailabilityisthemostimportant.Waterstressinitsbroadestsenseencompassesbothdroughtandsaltstress.Becausecellsignalingcontr

7、olsplantresponsesandadaptation,itisprobablynotanexaggerationtostatethatwaterstresssignalinghasinlargepartshapedthefloraonearth.Droughtandsaltstress,togetherwithlowtemperature,arethemajorproblemsforagriculturebecausetheseadverseenv