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1、Sapir-Whorfhypothesis 萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说 1.ThephilosophicalbasisoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesisisempiricalandthetheoreticalbackgroundisstructuralism.萨丕尔和沃尔夫是语言相对论思想的集大成者。2.WhilewerejectthestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,itsweakerversionisgenerallyacceptedbymostscholars.尽管我们反对萨丕尔-沃尔夫假设的强假设，而大部分学者却普遍接受了
2、其弱假设。Sapir-WhorfhypothesislEdwardSapirandBenjaminWhorf,proclaimedthatthestructureofthelanguagepeoplehabituallyuseinfluencesthewaystheythinkandbehave,i.e.differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisalsoknownaslinguisticrelativity.lSapira
3、ndWhorfbelievethatlanguagefilterspeople’sperceptionandthewaytheycategorizeexperiences.ThisinterdependenceoflanguageandthoughtisnowknownasSapir-WhorfHypothesis.Strongversion&weakversionlStrongversionbelievesthatthelanguagepatternsdeterminepeople’sthinkingandbehavior;lWeakversionholdsthattheformer
4、influencethelatter.----ThestudyofthelinguisticrelativityorSWHhasshedtwoimportantinsights:lThereisnowadaysarecognitionthatlanguage,ascode,reflectsculturalpreoccupationsandconstrainsthewaypeoplethink.lMorethaninWhorf’sdays,however,werecognizehowimportantcontextisincomplementingthemeaningsencodedin
5、thelanguage.MuchwasmadeoftheInuitlanguagewherethereisnopreciseequivalenttothesingleEnglishword"snow."Becausesnowissuchanimportantpartofsurvivalofpeopleofthenorth,theyhadnineteendifferentwordsthatvariedaccordingtotheconditionofsnow.Atfirst,somearguedthatthiswasonlyamatterofwhatsizesandshapesofbox
6、esarethewordsweuseinwhichtoputexperiences.InEnglish,however,wehavenosinglewordmeaningthechemical,di-hydrogenoxide(H2O).Ifyouwanttoobjectandsay,"Butwehavetheword'water,'"letmepointoutthattheword"water"doesnotapplytoconditionsofH2Owhenitisfrozen,crystallizedorvaporized,forwhichwehaveotherwords(ice
7、,snow,steam,fog,clouds,humidity).Fromthetimeweareborn,weareinundatedwiththousandsofbitsofinformationpersecond,assound,smell,touch,temperatureandsight.Theyaremanyandrandom. Inthemselves,theyhavenomeanings.Itisonlythroughourin
