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1、实用文档Chapter2PeterNewmarkSemanticandCommunicativeTranslationGuidedReadingPeterNewmark(1916)isanaccomplishedtranslationscholaraswellasanexperiencedtranslator.Hehastranslatedanumberofbooksandarticlesandpublishedextaensivelyontranslation.HispublicationsontranslationincludeApproachestoTranslati
2、on(1981),AboutTranslation(1983),ParagraphsonTranslation段落翻译(1985),ATextbookofTranslation翻译教程(1988),andMoreParagraphsonTranslation(1993).InhisworkApproachestoTranslation,Newmarkproposestwotypesoftranslation:semantictranslation语义翻译andcommunicativetranslation交际翻译.Semantictranslationfocusespri
3、marilyuponthesemanticcontentofthesourcetextwhereascommunicativetranslationfocusesessentiallyuponthecomprehensionandresponseofreceptors.ThisdistinctionresultsfromhisdisapprovalofNida'sassumption假定，假设，设想；假装；承担，担任thatalltranslatingiscommunicating,andtheoverriding最主要的，最优先的principleofanytransla
4、tionistoachieve"equivalenteffect".ForNewmark,thesuccessofequivalenteffectis"illusory",andthat标准文案实用文档"theconflictofloyalties,thegapbetweenemphasisonsourceandtargetlanguageswillalwaysremainastheoverridingproblemintranslationtheoryandpractice"(1981:38).Tonarrowthegap,Newmark系统地阐述，确切地表达；规划，构想
5、出formulateshisconceptsof"communicativetranslation"and"semantictranslation",whichinasense从某种意义上说aresimilartoNida's"dynamicequivalenttranslation"and"formalequivalenttranslation".Newmarksadmits"communicativetranslation"isacommonmethodandcouldbeusedinmanytypesoftranslation.Nevertheless,hejusti
6、fies证明……正当/有理，为……辩护thelegitimacy合法性，正当；合理性，妥当；嫡出，正统of"semantictranslation"inthefollowingthreeaspects.Firstly,alltranslationsdependonthethree一分为二，二分法；本质对立dichotomies,namely,theforeignandnativecultures,thetwolanguages,thewriterandthetranslator.Hence,itisunlikelytohaveauniversaltheorythatcoul
7、dincludeallthesefactors.Secondly,previousdiscussionsonmethodsoftranslation,eitherNida's"dynamicequivalence"orNabokow's"literaltranslation",doesnotreflecttheactualrealityoftranslationmethod,foreachofthemeitherrecommendsoneor贬低，轻视disparagestheother.Thirdly,theso
