民主主义与教育英文版Chapter05

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1、ChapterFivePreparation,Unfolding,andFormalDiscipline1.EducationasPreparation.Wehavelaiditdownthattheeducativeprocessisacontinuousprocessofgrowth,havingasitsaimateverystageanaddedcapacityofgrowth.Thisconceptioncontrastssharplywithotherideaswhichhaveinfluencedpractice.Bymakingthecontrastexplicit,th

2、emeaningoftheconceptionwillbebroughtmoreclearlytolight.Thefirstcontrastiswiththeideathateducationisaprocessofpreparationorgettingready.Whatistobepreparedforis,ofcourse,theresponsibilitiesandprivilegesofadultlife.Childrenarenotregardedassocialmembersinfullandregularstanding.Theyarelookeduponascand

3、idates;theyareplacedonthewaitinglist.Theconceptionisonlycarriedalittlefartherwhenthelifeofadultsisconsideredasnothavingmeaningonitsownaccount,butasapreparatoryprobationfor"anotherlife."Theideaisbutanotherformofthenotionofthenegativeandprivativecharacterofgrowthalreadycriticized;henceweshallnotrep

4、eatthecriticisms,butpassontotheevilconsequenceswhichflowfromputtingeducationonthisbasis.Inthefirstplace,itinvolveslossofimpetus.Motivepowerisnotutilized.Childrenproverbiallyliveinthepresent;thatisnotonlyafactnottobeevaded,butitisanexcellence.Thefuturejustasfuturelacksurgencyandbody.Togetreadyfors

5、omething,oneknowsnotwhatnorwhy,istothrowawaytheleveragethatexists,andtoseekformotivepowerinavaguechance.Undersuchcircumstances,thereis,inthesecondplace,apremiumputonshilly-shallyingandprocrastination.Thefuturepreparedforisalongwayoff;plentyoftimewillintervenebeforeitbecomesapresent.Whybeinahurrya

6、boutgettingreadyforit?Thetemptationtopostponeismuchincreasedbecausethepresentofferssomanywonderfulopportunitiesandprofferssuchinvitationstoadventure.Naturallyattentionandenergygotothem;educationaccruesnaturallyasanoutcome,butalessereducationthanifthefullstressofefforthadbeenputuponmakingcondition

7、saseducativeaspossible.Athirdundesirableresultisthesubstitutionofaconventionalaveragestandardofexpectationandrequirementforastandardwhichconcernsthespecificpowersoftheindividualunderinstruction.Forasevereanddefinitejud