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1、Fortran90andComputationalPLScienceCopyright(C)1991,1992,1993,1994,1995bytheComputationalScienceEducationProjectThiselectronicbookiscopyrighted,andprotectedbythecopyrightlawsoftheUnitedStates.This(andallassociateddocumentsinthesystem)mustcontaintheabovecopyrightnotice
2、.Ifthiselectronicbookisusedanywhereotherthantheproject'soriginalsystem,CSEPmustbenoti edinwriting(emailisacceptable)andthecopyrightnoticemustremainintact.1OverviewofFortran90ThediagraminFigure1showsthemajorcomponentsofFortran90[1],[2].Thesizeofeachsliceofthispie"isr
3、oughlyproportionaltothenumberofsyntaxrulesneededtodescribethefeaturesassociatedwiththatslice,andhenceisameasureofthestructuralcomplexityofthosefeatures.(Thesemeasuresshouldnot,however,betakenasanindicationofconceptualorsemanticcomplexitynorofimplementatione ort-synta
4、cticcomplexitymayormaynotberelatedtotheseotherformsofcomplexity.)Fortran77Fortran90isasuper-setofFortran77-allstandardFortran77programsarestandardFortran90programs.Fortran90thereforeencompassesandiscompletelycompatiblewiththeexistingFortran77computationalscienceinfra
5、structure.SourceFormToFortran77's` xed'sourceformFortran90addsanothersourceform,called`free'sourceform,inwhichtherearenocolumndependencies.Infreesourceformcommentsneednotstartincolumn1andcolumn6isnotreservedforcontinuation;continuationinfreesourceformisindicatedbyatr
6、ailingampersand,onthe` rst'line.Inbothsourceformsanexclamationpoint,`!',maybeusedtoinitiateend-of-linecomments(e.g.,followingastatementonthatline)andasemicolonmaybeusedtoseparatetwostatementsonthesameline.AsinFortran77,Fortran90names(ofvariables,procedures,etc.)begin
7、withaletterandcontainlettersanddigits;inaddition,namesmayhaveupto31characters,maycontainunderscore,`',characters,andmaycontainbothupperandlowercaseletters.ControlStructuresMissingfromFortran77isacompletesetofmoderncontrolstructures(ithasonlyIF-THEN-ELSE-ENDIF);thisis
8、remediedinFortran90withthe2SourceFormControlStructuresNumericProcessingArrayProcessingPointersDataStructuresFortran77DefinedTypesPro
