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1、高考二轮专题复习语法讲解二、名词一、分类(Classification)A:专有名词(Propernouns)B:普通名词(Commonnouns)Countablenouns(可数名词)Uncountablenouns(不可数名词)IndividualNouns（个体名词）CollectiveNouns（集体名词）AbstractNouns（抽象名词）MaterialNouns（物质名词）二、数(Number)A:Singularnumber(单数)B:Pluralnumber(复数)（1）一般的词，包括元音字母加y
2、结尾的词，直接在词尾加－s（2）以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的词在词尾加－es（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加－es（4）以f或fe结尾的词，应变f或fe为v再加-es1.规则名词单复数变化:2.不规则名词单复数变化:（1）单复数同形:sheep,deer,fish,means,species,species,works(工厂),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss（2）改变字母：man--men,woman--women,policeman--police
3、men,saleswoman--saleswomen,foot--feet,tooth--teeth,goose--geese,Mouse--Mice,abacus--abaci(或abacuses)，phenomenon--phenomena另：penny（pence或pennies）（3）增加字母:child--children,ox--oxen（4）以o结尾的词：加s:photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco,kangroo加es:tomato,potato,hero
4、,Negro,dingo另：zero（zeros或zeroes）（5）以f或fe结尾的词:直接加s：roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,变f为v再加es：life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief另外：handkerchief（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）beef（beeves菜牛、beefs怨言；牢骚）3.名词单复数的特殊情况:(1)集体名词只用作复数：police,cattle,people,poultry,theyouth(2)集体
5、名词用作不可数名词:clothing,jewellery,furniture,luggage(baggage),machinery,wealth(3)集体名词视具体情况而定单复数：family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,committee,audience,enemy(4)只有复数形式的名词:clothes,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,compasse
6、s,scissors,handcuffs,pincers,goods,thanks,wishes,wages,tears,troops,forces,resources(5)以s结尾但不表示复数:mathematics,physics,politics,statistics,news,woods(森林),works(工厂)(6)有没有s结尾意义不同：glass–glasses,cloth–clothes,work–works,sand–sands,snow–snows,water–waters,wood–woods,g
7、ood–goods,time–times(时代),paper–papers(论文),green–greens(青菜),custom–customs(海关),spirit–spirits(酒精,情绪),light–lights(灯),experience–experiences(经历),arm–arms(武器),iron–irons(镣铐,熨斗),compass(指南针)–compasses(圆规),(7)姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩:theGreens；theChengs(8)合成名词的复数形式：①将合成名词中
8、的主体名词变为复数：looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by,mother(s)-in-law②将最后一部分变为复数：grown-up(s),go-between(s)(中间人），good-for-nothing(s)(无用之人）③含boy,girl,lady等的合成的名词：它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。如：b
