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1、REVIEWARTICLEAgrowingfamily:theexpandinguniverseofthebacterialcytoskeletonMichaelIngerson-Mahar&ZemerGitaiDepartmentofMolecularBiology,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NJ,USACorrespondence:ZemerGitai,DepartmentAbstractofMolecularBiology,PrincetonUniversity,Princ
2、eton,NJ08544,USA.CytoskeletalproteinsareimportantmediatorsofcellularorganizationinbothTel.:+16092589420;fax:+1609258eukaryotesandbacteria.Inthepast,cytoskeletalstudieshavelargelyfocused9396;onthreemajorcytoskeletalfamilies,namelytheeukaryoticactin,tubulin,and
3、e-mail:zgitai@princeton.eduintermediatefilament(IF)proteinsandtheirbacterialhomologsMreB,FtsZ,andcrescentin.However,mountingevidencesuggeststhattheseproteinsReceived31August2011;revised2representonlythetipoftheiceberg,asthecellularcytoskeletalnetworkisfarNovem
4、ber2011;accepted10Novembermorecomplex.Inbacteria,eachofMreB,FtsZ,andcrescentinrepresentsonly2011.Finalversionpublishedonline28November2011.onememberoflargefamiliesofdiversehomologs.Therearealsonewlyidenti-fiedbacterialcytoskeletalproteinswithnoeukaryotichomolo
5、gs,suchasDOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00316.xWACAproteinsandbactofilins.Furthermore,thereareuniversallyconservedproteins,suchasthemetabolicenzymeCtpS,thatassembleintofilamentousEditor:UrsJenalstructuresthatcanberepurposedforstructuralcytoskeletalfunctions.Recen
6、tstudieshavealsoidentifiedanincreasingnumberofeukaryoticcytoskeletalKeywordsproteinsthatareunrelatedtoactin,tubulin,andIFs,suchthatexpandingourcytoskeleton;evolution;metabolicenzymes;understandingofcytoskeletalproteinsisadvancingtheunderstandingofthecytoskelet
7、alhomologs;bacterialcellbiology;cellbiologyofallorganisms.Here,wesummarizetherecentexplosionintheself-assembly.identificationofnewmembersofthebacterialcytoskeletonanddescribeahypothesisfortheevolutionofthecytoskeletonfromself-assemblingenzymes.localizationofan
8、otherpenicillin-bindingprotein,PBP2,IntroductionalongthecellwallisessentialforpropercellgrowthandCellularorganizationisfundamentalfortheviabilityofshapedeterminationinmanyrod-shapedbacter
